Records reviewed Oct. 4, 2026 · 90 records changed this week

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Vertical split-case pump • Product

Grundfos KPVS

A compact split-coupled vertical pump used for chilled-water and condenser-water service at hyperscale data centers.

pumpKPVSsplit casechilled water

Direct answer

What this record says

Grundfos KPVS is a cooling product from Grundfos. Its lifecycle status is available. Last reviewed Oct. 4, 2026 against 2 sources.

2 sourcesReviewed Oct. 4, 2026
Manufacturer
Grundfos
Rated capacity
Not recorded
Total flow
Not recorded
Status
Available

Product brief

What the record shows

KPVS is a plant-side pump rather than a rack coolant pump. Its double-suction and double-volute construction is intended to reduce axial and radial loads, while the split coupling allows motor and seal service without disturbing the pipework. Grundfos reports that selected KPVS units at an unnamed hyperscale operator were 5% more efficient in chilled-water and 4% more efficient in condenser-water duty than specified alternatives.

Those are project results, not a universal efficiency margin. The submittal needs the selected curve, motor and net positive suction head. It also needs minimum flow, seal plan, vibration limit and the operating sequence across all parallel pumps.

The cited customer and duty points are undisclosed, so the reported percentages cannot be normalized for flow, head, impeller selection or control strategy. A bid evaluation should compare certified curves at identical duties and include motor and variable-speed-drive losses. It should also test parallel stability at phased loads, define minimum run time and standby rotation, and show how one pump is isolated and serviced while required cooling remains available.

Request seal and bearing life assumptions, vibration baselines and spare rotating assemblies. Regional response times and witnessed performance-test tolerances also belong in the bid.

Capacity figures are supplier-reported unless the source says otherwise. Compare products at the same temperatures, flow, pressure, and redundancy state.

SpecificationSupplier-stated
Services
Chilled water and condenser waterSupplier wording, not yet normalized
Pump type
Vertical split-case, split coupledSupplier wording, not yet normalized
Hydraulic design
Double suction and double voluteSupplier wording, not yet normalized
Model-specific flow and head
Selected to project duty; not one fixed family valueSupplier wording, not yet normalized
Reported project motor reduction
13 hp primary chilled water; 8 hp condenser waterSupplier wording, not yet normalized
Reported project efficiency advantage
5% chilled water; 4% condenser waterSupplier wording, not yet normalized
Manufacturer
Grundfos

Connected records

Compatible architecture

Technology

Hybrid air and liquid cooling

Liquid takes the heat off the processors while air handles the rest of the rack. Almost every liquid-cooled hall works this way.

Scaling · Broadly applicable from 30–150+ kW racks
Technology

Direct-to-chip liquid cooling

A metal plate sits directly on each processor, and liquid pumped through it carries the heat out of the rack.

Scaling · Commonly selected for 50–150+ kW AI racks

Connected records

Equipment category

Equipment category

Cooling pumps

Pumps keep coolant moving; loss of flow can quickly force dense computing equipment to reduce power or shut down.

3 tracked suppliers

Evidence ledger

Sources and evidence

The links below show where the factual claims came from. Supplier specifications remain supplier-reported unless the record names independent operating evidence.

  1. 01
  2. 02
Record information
Record ID
DCC / PROD / GRUNDFOS-KPV
Record reviewed
Oct. 4, 2026
Record first published
Oct. 4, 2026
External sources
2
Search visibility
Offered to search engines

Required fields this record has not addressed yet, most important first:

  • Rated capacity or duty
  • Rating conditions
  • Public deployment evidence
  • Stated application
  • Fluid or materials

Decide between

Comparable products

The same equipment category from other manufacturers, most-evidenced first.

View all products
Product

Grundfos NBG 150-125-315/336

A variable-speed end-suction pump configuration documented in Digital Realty's dock-water cooling system at Cloud House.

Grundfos · Available
Product

Xylem Bell & Gossett Series e-1510X

A hydrovar X-enabled end-suction pump family promoted for high-flow data-center chilled-water systems.

Xylem · Available
Product

Xylem Goulds Water Technology e-SV

A compact vertical multistage pump family that Xylem lists for data-center applications requiring higher head.

Xylem · Available

Add two or more, then open the comparison to see every stated claim, its duty point, and its source side by side.

Provenance

Record timeline

Each event that changed this record, with the report that explains it.

  1. Recorded

    Research expansion published: 90 records

    Product
    • Field updateddescription: Smardt designs several types of chiller. They include air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporatively cooled, and modular units. The designs use oil-free centrifugal compressors. Its Core and Ultra water-cooled ranges span 45 to 3,600 refrigeration tons. Layouts with several compressors can stage capacity. They can also provide some compressor-level backup. Smardt can engineer the chiller package. Pumps, towers, dry coolers, controls, and rack-side gear still need a full plant design. Buyers should get a project selection at the required water temperatures. They should also request an annual load study and a refrigerant plan. The bid should cover service, restart behavior, and witnessed tests. Range limits alone are not enough. Qualification should separate compressor backup from whole-chiller backup. It should also separate both from plant backup. Operation after one compressor stops does not prove capacity after other faults. A vessel, power feed, controller, pump, or condenser-water path can still fail. Public range pages do not give delivered price or lead time. They also omit fleet failure rates and one standard efficiency for all builds. Tender documents should name the exact model and rating standard. They should state the air and water design points and fouling basis. They should also define the part-load sequence, allowed downtime, spare-parts promise, and owner of plant controls. → Smardt designs air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporatively cooled, and modular chillers with oil-free centrifugal compressors. Its Core and Ultra water-cooled ranges span 45 to 3,600 refrigeration tons. Multi-compressor layouts can stage capacity and may provide some compressor-level backup. Smardt can engineer the chiller package, but pumps, towers, dry coolers, controls, and rack-side equipment still require a complete plant design. A useful proposal starts with a project selection at the required water temperatures, an annual load study, and a refrigerant plan. Service coverage, restart behavior, and witnessed tests also belong in the bid. Published range limits alone cannot establish suitability. Qualification has to distinguish compressor backup from whole-chiller backup and plant backup. Continued operation after one compressor stops says nothing about a failed vessel, power feed, controller, pump, or condenser-water path. Smardt does not publish delivered price, lead time, fleet failure rates, or a single efficiency that applies to every build. Tender documents need the exact model, rating standard, air and water design points, and fouling basis. They also need the part-load sequence, allowed downtime, spare-parts commitment, and ownership of plant controls.
    • Field updateddescription: Baltimore Aircoil Company, commonly called BAC, makes outdoor heat-rejection gear. It does not make the liquid loop inside the server. Its data-center range includes the TrilliumSeries dry cooler and the HXV hybrid cooler. These products let a plant designer trade space, fan energy, and peak water use against outlet temperature. BAC reports operating since 1938. It describes itself as employee-owned and active in several regions. Buyers should compare units at the site's summer design point. The selection should state glycol level, altitude, sound limits, backup needs, and water quality. The bid should also state fan power and pressure drop. It should cover plume, control links, and service access. The two linked products create different utility duties. A dry cooler avoids routine evaporation. Its temperature margin falls as outdoor dry-bulb temperature rises. The HXV can use evaporation to extend output. That mode adds water treatment, discharge, drift, hygiene, and winter work. Public pages do not give one annual energy or water result for all sites. Buyers should require an hourly climate model and clear mode-change logic. They should ask for design-day output after a fan or pump failure. The design also needs basin and coil freeze protection. Sound must be checked at day and night settings. Service space must fit the proposed roof or yard. → Baltimore Aircoil Company, commonly called BAC, makes outdoor heat-rejection equipment rather than the liquid loop inside the server. Its data-center range includes the TrilliumSeries dry cooler and HXV hybrid cooler. A plant designer can use these products to trade space, fan energy, and peak water use against outlet temperature. BAC reports that it has operated since 1938, is employee-owned, and works in several regions. Unit comparisons need the site's summer design point, glycol level, altitude, sound limits, backup requirement, and water quality. Fan power, pressure drop, plume, control links, and service access also belong in the bid. The two products impose different utility duties. A dry cooler avoids routine evaporation, but its temperature margin falls as outdoor dry-bulb temperature rises. The HXV can use evaporation to extend output, adding water treatment, discharge, drift, hygiene, and winter operating work. BAC does not publish one annual energy or water result that applies to every site. An hourly climate model should show the mode-change logic and design-day output after a fan or pump failure. The design also needs basin and coil freeze protection, separate day and night sound checks, and enough service space for the proposed roof or yard.
    • Field updateddescription: EVAPCO supplies facility-side heat rejection for data centers. Its range includes the eco-Air dry coolers and larger field-built designs. The EAW-HD APEX and EAW-DD Double Stack aim to reject more heat in less plan area. They operate without routine evaporation. EVAPCO publishes ratings certified by the Cooling Technology Institute for selected lines. It also offers factory assembly and controls. Those facts do not prove capacity at a site without a thermal selection. Procurement should test the actual inlet and outlet fluid temperatures. It should use the peak outdoor dry-bulb value, glycol level, and site elevation. The review must also cover hot-air return, sound limits, fan failures, and plant backup. Certification and a thermal guarantee apply at set rating conditions. They do not show whether a roof layout will pull hot discharge air back into the coils. They also do not prove outlet temperature after a cell, power feed, or panel fails. Public sources omit installed cost and delivery time. They also omit yearly fan energy and site staffing. Buyers should request the selection sheet and test tolerance. They need an electrical list for each fan and the lowest stable speed. The bid should state control points, coil cleaning, corrosion treatment, freeze steps, lifting needs, and structural loads. A layout review should use the real buildings and local winds. → EVAPCO supplies facility-side heat rejection for data centers through eco-Air dry coolers and larger field-built designs. The EAW-HD APEX and EAW-DD Double Stack are intended to reject more heat in less plan area without routine evaporation. EVAPCO publishes Cooling Technology Institute-certified ratings for selected lines and offers factory assembly and controls. Capacity at a particular site still requires a thermal selection. Use the actual inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, peak outdoor dry-bulb value, glycol level, and site elevation. Review hot-air return, sound limits, fan failures, and plant backup at the same time. Certification and a thermal guarantee apply at stated rating conditions. Neither establishes whether a roof layout will draw hot discharge air back into the coils or hold outlet temperature after a cell, power feed, or panel fails. EVAPCO does not publish installed cost, delivery time, yearly fan energy, or site staffing requirements. Ask for the selection sheet, test tolerance, an electrical list for each fan, and the lowest stable speed. Control points, coil cleaning, corrosion treatment, freeze procedures, lifting needs, and structural loads belong in the bid. The layout review should use the actual buildings and local wind conditions.
    • Field updateddescription: Güntner makes finned-coil heat exchangers and dry coolers. They serve refrigeration, process, building, and information-technology loads. Its Flat and V-shape VARIO lines offer many choices. Buyers can select coils, fans, controls, materials, and sound treatments. The V-shape line can add hydroBLU adiabatic pre-cooling. Data-center cases show the units rejecting heat from immersion systems. That evidence supports a facility-side role, not server compatibility. Buyers need a project selection for the hottest design hour. It should include glycol, fouling, altitude, fan staging, and sound limits. It should also cover hot-air return and freeze safety. If adiabatic help is fitted, the study must state water use. The bid must show output after a fan or control fault. A family name alone does not make bids equal. Coil shape, circuiting, metal, fan count, motors, controls, coatings, and accessories can all change duty. They can also change pressure loss, sound, water use, space, and service work. Procurement should fix those choices to a stated duty. It should require data for normal, peak, low-load, and fault states. The contract must name who supplies pumps and expansion gear. It must also assign air removal, loop exchangers, water treatment, steel, and plant controls. A dry cooler alone does not warrant the full heat-rejection system. → Güntner makes finned-coil heat exchangers and dry coolers for refrigeration, process, building, and information-technology loads. Its Flat and V-shape VARIO lines offer selectable coils, fans, controls, materials, and sound treatments. The V-shape line can also use hydroBLU adiabatic pre-cooling. Data-center cases show these units rejecting heat from immersion systems, which demonstrates a facility-side role rather than server compatibility. A project selection for the hottest design hour needs to account for glycol, fouling, altitude, fan staging, sound limits, hot-air return, and freeze safety. Where adiabatic assistance is fitted, include water use. The bid should also show output after a fan or control fault. A family name does not make bids equivalent. Coil shape, circuiting, metal, fan count, motors, controls, coatings, and accessories can change duty, pressure loss, sound, water use, space, and service work. Fix those choices against a stated duty and request data for normal, peak, low-load, and fault states. The contract has to identify who supplies pumps, expansion equipment, air removal, loop exchangers, water treatment, structural steel, and plant controls. A dry cooler by itself does not warrant the complete heat-rejection system.
    • Field updateddescription: Vahterus designs gasket-free Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers. Welded round plate packs sit inside pressure shells. The design can keep two fluids apart during cooling, condensing, evaporation, or heat recovery. Each unit is selected for its duty. There is no single megawatt rating for the whole range. Vahterus lists nine plate sizes. They include the PSHE 7 and PSHE 9 in this batch. Nozzle size and surface area do not replace a heat calculation. Data-center buyers should state both fluids and their flow rates. They should state all supply and return temperatures. The schedule needs allowed approach, pressure loss, fouling, and design pressure. It must also cover metals, cleaning, leak detection, isolation, bypass, and vessel codes. A welded exchanger has no plate-pack gaskets. That choice also changes inspection, cleaning, repair, and later growth. Buyers should ask how the selected unit will be cleaned. They should define when fouling or blockage calls for action. The bid must say if the unit opens for service. It must explain how an internal leak will be found. Public size tables omit data-center references and prices. They also omit lead times, duty guarantees, and a standard spare plan. Final review needs certified calculations and shop drawings. It also needs code papers, weld checks, nozzle loads, vents, drains, supports, and an isolation plan. Service must not remove required cooling duty. → Vahterus designs gasket-free Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers with welded round plate packs inside pressure shells. The equipment can keep two fluids apart during cooling, condensing, evaporation, or heat recovery. Each unit is selected for its duty, so there is no single megawatt rating for the entire range. Vahterus lists nine plate sizes, including the PSHE 7 and PSHE 9. Nozzle size and surface area cannot replace a heat calculation. A data-center schedule needs both fluids, their flow rates, every supply and return temperature, allowed approach, pressure loss, fouling, and design pressure. It should also cover metals, cleaning, leak detection, isolation, bypass, and vessel codes. A welded exchanger has no plate-pack gaskets, a choice that changes inspection, cleaning, repair, and later expansion. Establish how the selected unit will be cleaned and when fouling or blockage calls for action. The bid should say whether the unit opens for service and how an internal leak will be found. Published size tables omit data-center references, prices, lead times, duty guarantees, and a standard spares plan. Final review needs certified calculations, shop drawings, code documentation, weld checks, nozzle loads, vents, drains, supports, and an isolation plan that preserves required cooling duty during service.
    • Field updateddescription: SWEP makes brazed plate heat exchangers. They can separate loops in free cooling, coolant distribution units, mechanical cooling, and heat reuse. SWEP documents B439 and B649 units at Infosys data centers. They keep cooling-tower water apart from a cleaner inner loop. Brazed construction makes a compact sealed unit. It also changes inspection, cleaning, repair, and final replacement. Buyers need a thermal selection for the stated fluids and temperatures. It must cover flow, approach, pressure loss, fouling, metal fit, and design pressure. The plan should also cover parallel flow balance and isolation. It must explain cross-contamination alarms and replacement access. The Infosys case proves product use. It does not set one rating or service interval for every site. Public sources omit exact plate count and brazing alloy for each unit. They also omit pressure loss, approach, water tests, cleaning history, and measured savings. Procurement should name the exact article and factory build. It should set strainer and water-quality limits. Clean and fouled duty both need guarantees. Buyers should decide if several isolated units are needed for service and fault tolerance. The bid should state chemical-cleaning limits and flushing points. It should show lifting and replacement space. It must also name the leak monitor and the party that balances parallel units. → SWEP makes brazed plate heat exchangers that can separate loops in free cooling, coolant distribution units, mechanical cooling, and heat reuse. SWEP documents B439 and B649 units at Infosys data centers, where they keep cooling-tower water apart from a cleaner inner loop. Brazed construction produces a compact sealed unit but changes inspection, cleaning, repair, and eventual replacement. Thermal selection has to use the stated fluids and temperatures, with flow, approach, pressure loss, fouling, metal compatibility, and design pressure. It also needs parallel-flow balance, isolation, cross-contamination alarms, and replacement access. The Infosys installation confirms product use, not a universal rating or service interval. SWEP does not publish the exact plate count, brazing alloy, pressure loss, approach, water tests, cleaning history, or measured savings for each installed unit. Name the exact article and factory build, then set strainer and water-quality limits. Clean and fouled duty both need guarantees. Decide whether several isolated units are necessary for service and fault tolerance. The bid should state chemical-cleaning limits, flushing points, lifting and replacement space, the leak monitor, and responsibility for balancing parallel units.
    • Field updateddescription: MITA Group covers plant-side cooling through specialist firms. They include MITA Cooling Technologies in Italy and TORRAVAL Cooling in Spain. MITA makes factory-built open and closed evaporative towers. TORRAVAL designs larger custom towers. Its CTFP units serve a Barcelona data-processing center. This range matters when a designer must choose direct-contact tower water or a closed process loop. It does not remove the need for a site plant design. Buyers should compare duty at the site's wet-bulb condition. They need yearly and peak water use, fan and pump energy, drift, and plume. The review must cover treatment, discharge, hygiene, sound, backup, and materials. It must also cover winter use, access, controls, assembly, and local service. Contract lines need care because the products use MITA and TORRAVAL brands in one group. A tender should name the legal seller and factory. It should name the party that guarantees duty and supplies controls. It must also assign startup, warranty, and long-term service. The Barcelona case confirms sixteen towers. It withholds the operator, duty schedule, measured utilities, and test results. Buyers should ask for a similar site at the same scale and climate. They need the certified selection and test tolerance. The bid should state cycles of concentration, blowdown, drift, plume control, and cleaning. It must assign legionella management. It should also show capacity after the largest likely equipment or utility fault. → MITA Group covers plant-side cooling through MITA Cooling Technologies in Italy and TORRAVAL Cooling in Spain. MITA makes factory-built open and closed evaporative towers, while TORRAVAL designs larger custom towers. TORRAVAL CTFP units serve a Barcelona data-processing center. The portfolio gives designers a choice between direct-contact tower water and a closed process loop, but either option still requires a site plant design. Compare duty at the site's wet-bulb condition along with yearly and peak water use, fan and pump energy, drift, and plume. Treatment, discharge, hygiene, sound, backup, materials, winter operation, access, controls, assembly, and local service also need review. Contract boundaries deserve attention because the products use MITA and TORRAVAL brands within one group. A tender should name the legal seller, factory, duty guarantor, controls supplier, startup provider, warranty holder, and long-term service party. The Barcelona case confirms sixteen towers but withholds the operator, duty schedule, measured utilities, and test results. Ask for a comparable site at the same scale and climate, the certified selection, and its test tolerance. The bid should state cycles of concentration, blowdown, drift, plume control, cleaning, legionella responsibility, and capacity after the largest likely equipment or utility fault.
    • Field updateddescription: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems sells centrifugal chillers. Its published portfolio spans 150 to 6,000 refrigeration tons. The ETI-Z and GART-ZE/ZEI lines use hydrofluoroolefin refrigerants with low global warming potential. They cover different plant sizes and offer inverter choices. The company lists data centers as an application. It also names Shirakawa Data Center. The public page omits the installed model, count, duty, efficiency, and startup date. This batch therefore does not create a site record from that reference. Buyers need project-specific full-load and part-load selections. They should set chilled-water and condenser-water limits. The bid must cover refrigerant supply, starting current, harmonics, restart order, and backup. It also needs tube-cleaning access, control links, service scope, and witnessed factory tests. A tonnage range does not show how many machines a strong plant needs. It also does not show behavior as computing load rises. Qualification should state the compressor and drive layout. It should state minimum stable load, surge control, and condenser-water reset. Efficiency is needed at each staging point. Derating must be shown after loss of a compressor, chiller, pump, or tower cell. Public pages omit price, lead time, fleet reliability, site test results, and local parts promises. Resolve those gaps through the bid, test plan, reference calls, refrigerant plan, maintenance scope, and promised emergency response. → Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems sells centrifugal chillers across a published range of 150 to 6,000 refrigeration tons. The ETI-Z and GART-ZE/ZEI lines use hydrofluoroolefin refrigerants with low global warming potential. They cover different plant sizes and offer inverter choices. The company lists data centers as an application and names Shirakawa Data Center, but gives no installed model, count, duty, efficiency, or startup date for that site. The reference is therefore too thin to support a deployment profile. Project qualification needs full-load and part-load selections at defined chilled-water and condenser-water limits. The bid must cover refrigerant supply, starting current, harmonics, restart order, backup, tube-cleaning access, control links, service scope, and witnessed factory tests. A tonnage range does not determine how many machines a resilient plant needs or how the equipment behaves as computing load rises. Specify compressor and drive layout, minimum stable load, surge control, condenser-water reset, and efficiency at each staging point. Require derating after loss of a compressor, chiller, pump, or tower cell. Price, lead time, fleet reliability, site test results, and local parts commitments remain undisclosed. Address them through the bid, test plan, reference calls, refrigerant plan, maintenance scope, and promised emergency response.
    • Field updateddescription: Mitsubishi Electric Hydronics & IT Cooling Systems designs applied cooling. It serves comfort, process, and information-technology sites. Its portfolio joins Climaveneta chillers with RC critical-cooling gear. The range includes free-cooling chillers for hyperscale and colocation data centers. The two linked products use different compressor designs. One uses oil-free centrifugal compressors. The other uses inverter screw compressors. They are not equal choices. Buyers should compare yearly energy at their own water temperatures and climate. They should compare compressor and fan backup. The study must cover free-cooling changeover and glycol use. It also needs restart time, refrigerant rules, room heat, sound, controls, and service access. Factory tests and local support matter too. The linked families do not assign the rack loop, room air handlers, pumps, power, or outdoor layout. Procurement should define each interface. It should require a yearly study with the site's weather file and phased load. That study must use the planned supply and return temperatures, glycol level, and reserve. Tests should cover mechanical, hybrid, and free-cooling mode changes. They should measure output after a circuit or fan fault. The plan also needs power-loss restart, low-load stability, control points, data ownership, coil access, and winter protection. Buyers must confirm trained staff and refrigerant supply in the region. → Mitsubishi Electric Hydronics & IT Cooling Systems designs applied cooling for comfort, process, and information-technology sites. Its portfolio combines Climaveneta chillers with RC critical-cooling equipment and includes free-cooling chillers for hyperscale and colocation data centers. The two products profiled here use different compressor designs: oil-free centrifugal compressors in one and inverter screw compressors in the other. They are not interchangeable selections. Compare yearly energy at the project's water temperatures and climate, along with compressor and fan backup. The study needs free-cooling changeover, glycol use, restart time, refrigerant rules, room heat, sound, controls, service access, factory tests, and local support. Neither product family assigns responsibility for the rack loop, room air handlers, pumps, power, or outdoor layout. Define each interface and require a yearly study based on the site's weather file and phased load. Use the planned supply and return temperatures, glycol level, and reserve. Tests should cover mechanical, hybrid, and free-cooling mode changes, plus output after a circuit or fan fault. The plan also needs power-loss restart, low-load stability, control points, data ownership, coil access, winter protection, trained regional staff, and regional refrigerant supply.
    • Field updateddescription: The HXV combines a dry coil with evaporative heat rejection and can switch among three operating modes to trade water use against temperature and fan energy. BAC publishes thermal capacity up to 396 tons and flow up to 1,260 US gallons per minute, and identifies data centers as a target application. Because it can consume water and operates as a hybrid closed-circuit cooler, it is related here to cooling-tower equipment rather than represented as a fully dry product. Buyers should model annual and peak-day water, treatment and discharge, plume, drift, legionella controls, dry-mode capacity, fan and pump power, freeze protection, sound, redundancy, maintenance access, and leaving-fluid temperature at the hottest site condition. Selection should show the weather and load thresholds for each operating mode, because annual savings depend on how often dry operation can meet the required outlet temperature. The proposal should separately state process-loop pressure drop, spray-pump power, fan power, makeup water, evaporation, drift, blowdown, and chemical treatment. It should also quantify duty during water restrictions or a spray-system outage and identify whether that condition requires compute curtailment or mechanical backup. Public pages do not disclose one standard water-use figure, annual efficiency, price, or failure rate; site modeling and guaranteed schedules are necessary. → The HXV combines a dry coil with evaporative heat rejection and switches among three operating modes. BAC publishes thermal capacity up to 396 tons and flow up to 1,260 US gallons per minute, with data centers named as a target application. The hybrid closed-circuit cooler can consume water, so it belongs with cooling-tower equipment rather than fully dry products. Site modeling needs annual and peak-day water, treatment and discharge, plume, drift, legionella controls, and dry-mode capacity. Include fan and pump power, freeze protection, sound, redundancy, maintenance access, and leaving-fluid temperature at the hottest site condition. The selection should show weather and load thresholds for each mode. Annual savings depend on how often dry operation can meet the required outlet temperature. State process-loop pressure drop, spray-pump power, fan power, makeup water, evaporation, drift, blowdown, and chemical treatment separately. Quantify duty during water restrictions or a spray-system outage, including any need for compute curtailment or mechanical backup. BAC does not publish a standard water-use figure, annual efficiency, price, or failure rate. Those values require site modeling and guaranteed schedules.
    • Field updateddescription: The CTFP is a TORRAVAL Cooling open-circuit tower. Its fan and other moving parts sit at the base. This creates a forced-draft layout. MITA Group's Barcelona case names sixteen CTFP 2436 units with laminar fill. The choice helped with roof space and sound. The case gives no current family duty table. It also omits the selected water temperatures. Open-circuit operation puts condenser water in direct contact with air. Heat rejection therefore follows outdoor wet-bulb temperature. Water chemistry, drift, hygiene, and plume remain active duties. Buyers need the current model schedule. It should give promised heat duty and fan power at the design wet bulb. The schedule must state flow, pressure, sound, materials, and drift. It should cover treatment, blowdown, basin heat, freeze safety, backup, fan access, structural loads, earthquake loads, plume, controls, and service. The case proves that a model was deployed. It does not define the full current range. The cited 15 kW value is not used as heat duty here. The case also describes a site with multi-megawatt needs and does not define that value. Buyers should resolve the conflict with TORRAVAL and use a certified selection. They should study forced-draft hot-air return and interaction between the two rows. Check intake and outlet space, motor replacement, roof vibration, walkway loads, drift, plume, chemical storage, blowdown permits, and operation after one cell or shared utility fails. → The CTFP is a TORRAVAL Cooling open-circuit tower with its fan and other moving parts at the base in a forced-draft layout. MITA Group's Barcelona case names sixteen CTFP 2436 units with laminar fill. The selection helped meet roof-space and sound constraints. No current family duty table or selected water temperatures appear in the case. Open-circuit operation puts condenser water in direct contact with air, so heat rejection follows outdoor wet-bulb temperature. Water chemistry, drift, hygiene, and plume remain active operating duties. Obtain the current model schedule with guaranteed heat duty and fan power at the design wet bulb. It should state flow, pressure, sound, materials, drift, treatment, blowdown, basin heat, freeze safety, and backup. Fan access, structural and earthquake loads, plume, controls, and service also need definition. The Barcelona installation confirms use of CTFP 2436, not the full current range. Its unexplained 15 kW value is not treated as heat duty because the same source describes multi-megawatt needs. Resolve that conflict with TORRAVAL through a certified selection. Study forced-draft hot-air return and interaction between the two rows. Check intake and outlet space, motor replacement, roof vibration, walkway loads, chemical storage, blowdown permits, and operation after one cell or shared utility fails.
    • Field updateddescription: MEHITS identifies the i-FX-G01-DC-Z as a Climaveneta air-cooled chiller for data centers. MEHITS means Mitsubishi Electric Hydronics and IT Cooling Systems. Its official article says data-center versions can use water settings up to 75°F, or 24°C. Warmer water can lower compressor load. The server and room systems must accept it. The article omits this variant's duty range and refrigerant. It also omits compressor count, free-cooling coil, efficiency, size, sound, and backup. Those fields remain unknown here. They are not copied from a related model. Buyers should get the current data sheet and certified selection. They need warm-water duty and hot-day derating. They should check compressor and fan backup, lowest load, refrigerant, restart, harmonics, sound, controls, coil cleaning, freeze safety, pressure loss, service space, and local sale. Confirm the model name in the sales region before adding it to a final schedule. The cited page has less detail than other product sources in this batch. Qualification needs factory dimensions and weights. It needs a circuit diagram, electrical list, rating standard, performance map, refrigerant data, sound spectrum, operating limits, options, and approvals. The 24°C setting is a capability claim. It does not prove a server loop can use it or compressors will stay off. Whole-system modeling and written interface limits are needed. Price, lead time, warranty, parts, and trained staff also need answers. → Mitsubishi Electric Hydronics and IT Cooling Systems, or MEHITS, identifies the i-FX-G01-DC-Z as a Climaveneta air-cooled chiller for data centers. Its official article says data-center versions can use water settings up to 75°F, or 24°C. Warmer water can lower compressor load when the server and room systems accept it. The article gives no duty range, refrigerant, compressor count, free-cooling coil, efficiency, size, sound, or backup arrangement for this variant. Those fields remain unknown rather than being copied from a related model. Obtain the current data sheet and certified selection, including warm-water duty and hot-day derating. Check compressor and fan backup, lowest load, refrigerant, restart, harmonics, sound, controls, coil cleaning, freeze safety, pressure loss, service space, and regional availability. Confirm the model name in the sales region before adding it to a final schedule. Qualification also needs factory dimensions and weights, a circuit diagram, electrical list, rating standard, performance map, refrigerant data, sound spectrum, operating limits, options, and approvals. The 24°C setting is a capability claim. It does not prove that a server loop can use the setting or that compressors will remain off. Whole-system modeling and written interface limits are still necessary. Price, lead time, warranty, parts, and trained staff remain unknown.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. That status rests on Smardt's report of early startup with stable operation and efficiency. The unnamed New York-area operator needed two AD120 water-cooled chillers. Each unit had three TT350 oil-free magnetic-bearing compressors. The project had a fixed startup date. Smardt says a third-party carrier badly damaged one unit. Smardt then changed factory plans and supply work. It says a replacement arrived within three months. This supports the supplier's response claim. The account still comes from the supplier, and the operator is not named. Public sources omit cooling duty and water temperatures. They also omit refrigerant, measured efficiency, design-load backup, test rules, rack density, computing platform, final startup date, and long-term results. Treat this as a delivery reference, not a heat-duty benchmark. Ask for an operator contact and test data. “Stable efficiency” has no stated rating method. No kilowatts-per-ton value, load point, condenser-water condition, test period, or outside witness is given. Buyers should ask if both chillers passed final tests. They should ask if the damaged unit was rebuilt or replaced. Open startup defects should be disclosed. The three-month period needs a clear start and end date. A reference call should cover packing, shipping controls, spare compressors, electronics, startup staff, alarms, control links, restart tests, service space, and response time. Design comparison needs the exact AD120 selection, certified duty, power, refrigerant, size, hours, availability, and output after loss of a compressor, chiller, or support system. → Status: operating, based on Smardt's report of an early startup with stable operation and efficiency. The unnamed New York-area operator needed two AD120 water-cooled chillers, each with three TT350 oil-free magnetic-bearing compressors. A third-party carrier badly damaged one unit before a fixed startup date. Smardt says it changed factory and supply plans and delivered a replacement within three months. The account demonstrates the supplier's reported response, but the operator is unnamed and has not provided a separate account. Cooling duty, water temperatures, refrigerant, measured efficiency, design-load backup, test rules, rack density, computing platform, final startup date, and long-term results remain undisclosed. Use the project as a delivery reference rather than a heat-duty benchmark. Smardt gives no rating method for “stable efficiency,” kilowatts per ton, load point, condenser-water condition, test period, or outside witness. Reference questions should establish whether both chillers passed final tests, whether the damaged unit was rebuilt or replaced, and whether startup defects remained open. The three-month period also needs defined start and end dates. Ask about packing, shipping controls, spare compressors, electronics, startup staff, alarms, control links, restart tests, service space, and response time. Design comparison requires the exact AD120 selection, certified duty, power, refrigerant, size, operating hours, availability, and output after loss of a compressor, chiller, or support system.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Baltimore Aircoil Company says the installed HXV system met the customer's water-temperature target. It also says the system supported the information-technology load. The customer had 160 MW of operating power for high-performance computing. It had used open towers with water-cooled chillers. It chose HXV hybrid coolers for dry and evaporative operation without chillers. The supplier case gives estimates and claimed savings. It withholds the operator and location. It gives no outside meter data, unit count, water temperatures, weather file, baseline boundary, startup report, or test period. The record proves a supplier-documented site and design. It does not independently prove power usage effectiveness or water usage effectiveness. It also does not prove energy, water, or cost results. Buyers should ask for the model, measured data after startup, and a customer contact. The 160 MW figure is customer operating power. It is not published tower heat duty. Do not infer unit count or size from it. The case does not say if HXV serves the whole campus, one phase, or part of the load. Qualification needs exact old and new system boundaries. It needs hourly weather, load, and mode hours. Ask for makeup, blowdown, fan energy, pump energy, outlet temperatures, reserve rule, and hot-day output. Ask about water limits, poor water, plume, freezing, fan faults, spray-pump faults, and loss of shared controls. Final test records and one year of utility and service data would be more useful than percentage claims alone. → Status: operating. Baltimore Aircoil Company says the installed HXV system met the customer's water-temperature target and supported the information-technology load. The customer had 160 MW of operating power for high-performance computing. It replaced open towers and water-cooled chillers with HXV hybrid coolers capable of dry and evaporative operation without chillers. The supplier case gives estimates and claimed savings but withholds the operator and location. It provides no outside meter data, unit count, water temperatures, weather file, baseline boundary, startup report, or test period. The case documents a site and design without independently proving power usage effectiveness, water usage effectiveness, energy, water, or cost results. Request the model, measured post-startup data, and a customer contact. The 160 MW figure is customer operating power, not published tower heat duty, and cannot support an inferred unit count or size. The case also leaves unclear whether HXV serves the entire campus, one phase, or part of the load. Qualification needs exact old and new system boundaries, hourly weather, load, and mode hours. Ask for makeup, blowdown, fan and pump energy, outlet temperatures, reserve rule, and hot-day output. Water limits, poor water, plume, freezing, fan faults, spray-pump faults, and loss of shared controls also need review. Final test records and one year of utility and service data would carry more weight than percentage claims alone.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Güntner says an unnamed large Chinese online seller runs the data center. The Zhangjiakou site has used two-phase immersion cooling since 2017. Four V-shape VARIO dry coolers serve it. hydroBLU adiabatic help is also fitted. Güntner states 1,060 kW of total heat-rejection duty. Vapor condenses inside the immersion chambers. A loop then moves that heat to the outdoor coolers. The supplier says water is used for help only when weather requires it. Güntner claims large energy and cost savings over normal systems. It does not name the operator or give the baseline. It omits the unit schedule, water use, weather adjustment, raw meter data, rack density, computing platform, availability, and outside review. Buyers can use the case to check the design path and scale. They should still request a site contact and yearly fan, pump, and water data. The evidence does not define the 1,060 kW figure. It may be installed duty, design-day duty, or measured heat. Fluid temperatures, glycol, air approach, fan power, and reserve are also unknown. Four units may allow staging. Their backup role is not stated. A similar-site review should ask for model and fan details. It needs the hydroBLU start point, yearly and peak water, pad service, treatment, dry-only output, winter order, alarm history, cleaning, and output after one cooler or shared pump loop fails. Review the middle heat exchanger and pumps too. Outdoor duty alone does not prove chamber condensation, fluid fit, server service, or full cooling availability. → Status: operating. Güntner says an unnamed large Chinese online seller has run two-phase immersion cooling at the Zhangjiakou site since 2017. Four V-shape VARIO dry coolers with hydroBLU adiabatic assistance provide 1,060 kW of stated total heat-rejection duty. Vapor condenses inside the immersion chambers, and a loop moves the heat to the outdoor coolers. According to Güntner, adiabatic water is used only when weather requires it. The supplier claims large energy and cost savings over conventional systems without naming the operator or defining the baseline. Unit schedules, water use, weather adjustment, raw meter data, rack density, computing platform, availability, and outside review are not disclosed. The case is useful for checking the design path and scale, subject to a site contact and yearly fan, pump, and water data. Güntner does not define whether 1,060 kW means installed duty, design-day duty, or measured heat. Fluid temperatures, glycol, air approach, fan power, and reserve also remain unknown. Four units may allow staging, but no backup role is stated. A comparable-site review should cover model and fan details, the hydroBLU start point, yearly and peak water, pad service, treatment, dry-only output, winter sequence, alarm history, cleaning, and output after one cooler or the shared pump loop fails. Include the intermediate heat exchanger and pumps. Outdoor duty alone cannot establish chamber condensation, fluid compatibility, server service, or full cooling availability.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. SWEP says Infosys and design lead Schneider Electric built several data-center cooling projects. The work ran from 2016 through 2020. B439 and B649 brazed plate heat exchangers separate the main cooling source from the inner loop. At the Hyderabad campus, several B649 units have 6-inch ports. SWEP reports 350 cubic meters per hour through each unit. It says the units were running without problems when the case appeared. The named operator, design partner, models, loop role, period, and unit flow make this a useful reference. The evidence still comes from the supplier. Public sources omit unit count, heat duty, temperatures, pressure loss, rack density, computing platform, power usage effectiveness, measured savings, service history, and outside test data. Flow is not heat duty without temperatures and fluid data. Do not turn 350 cubic meters per hour into megawatts by assumption. “Without problems” also lacks a time period and uptime measure. There is no alarm log, leak history, fouling trend, or service record. Reference questions should cover exact articles and plate counts. Ask for water chemistry on both sides, approach, pressure loss, pump energy, strainers, filters, cleaning rate, isolation, bypass, spares, and cross-leak detection. Ask how parallel units share flow and what duty remains during cleaning or replacement. Confirm field tests. Separate exchanger savings from results of the wider cooling design. → Status: operating. SWEP says Infosys and design lead Schneider Electric built several data-center cooling projects between 2016 and 2020. B439 and B649 brazed plate heat exchangers separate the main cooling source from the inner loop. At the Hyderabad campus, several B649 units have 6-inch ports and a reported flow of 350 cubic meters per hour through each unit. SWEP says the units were running without problems when the case appeared. The named operator, design partner, models, loop role, period, and unit flow make the installation a useful reference, although the account still comes from the supplier. Unit count, heat duty, temperatures, pressure loss, rack density, computing platform, power usage effectiveness, measured savings, service history, and outside test data remain undisclosed. Flow is not heat duty without temperatures and fluid data, so 350 cubic meters per hour cannot be converted into megawatts by assumption. “Without problems” also lacks a time period and uptime measure. No alarm log, leak history, fouling trend, or service record is available. Reference questions should cover exact articles and plate counts, water chemistry on both sides, approach, pressure loss, pump energy, strainers, filters, cleaning rate, isolation, bypass, spares, and cross-leak detection. Confirm parallel-unit flow balance, duty during cleaning or replacement, and field tests. Keep exchanger savings separate from the results of the wider cooling design.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. This status rests on MITA Group's 2023 case. The case describes a completed supply and says the towers support equipment performance. TORRAVAL Cooling is part of MITA Group. It supplied sixteen CTFP 2436 forced-draft open-circuit towers. The units have laminar fill. They serve a large Barcelona data-processing center for an international information-technology company. The source gives a required load of 20 MW. It says the site can grow to 40 MW and has 5 MW of emergency supply. The source does not define these values as computing, electrical, or heat duty. This record keeps the source wording and does not convert it. Two facing rows fit the towers on a limited roof. The layout also supported sound control. Walkways and ladders were included. Public evidence withholds the operator and installer. It omits water temperatures, flow, measured power, measured water, backup, startup tests, rack density, computing platform, uptime, and an operator account. Buyers should request the approved schedule, test data, yearly records, and a reference contact. The case also states 15 kW for each tower. That figure is not used here as heat duty. Its meaning conflicts with the multi-megawatt need and may be motor power, but the source is silent. Resolve it from the schedule. Qualification needs design wet bulb, water temperatures, cell flow, fan power, drift, evaporation, blowdown, concentration cycles, sound, plume, treatment, hygiene, roof vibration, structural loads, and output after a cell or common pump fails. Confirm whether future growth was installed, reserved, or only planned. → Status: operating, based on MITA Group's 2023 account of a completed supply. TORRAVAL Cooling, part of MITA Group, supplied sixteen CTFP 2436 forced-draft open-circuit towers with laminar fill. They serve a large Barcelona data-processing center for an international information-technology company. MITA gives a required load of 20 MW, possible growth to 40 MW, and 5 MW of emergency supply. It does not identify those values as computing, electrical, or heat duty, so they remain unconverted. Two facing rows fit the towers on a limited roof and supported sound control. Walkways and ladders were included. The operator and installer are unnamed. Water temperatures, flow, measured power and water, backup, startup tests, rack density, computing platform, uptime, and an operator account remain undisclosed. Request the approved schedule, test data, yearly operating records, and a reference contact. MITA also states 15 kW for each tower. That figure is not treated as heat duty because its meaning conflicts with the multi-megawatt requirement and may instead be motor power. Only the schedule can resolve it. Qualification needs design wet bulb, water temperatures, cell flow, fan power, drift, evaporation, blowdown, concentration cycles, sound, plume, treatment, hygiene, roof vibration, structural loads, and output after a cell or common pump fails. Confirm whether future growth was installed, reserved, or only planned.
    • Field updateddescription: CPC, or Colder Products Company, supplies parts rather than a full rack-cooling system. Its Everis range has latched and blind-mate quick disconnects. These run from server links to larger rack-loop links. Its OCP-oriented UQD models are meant to support more than one source. Buyers should select the exact flow size, end fitting, seal, pressure and coolant mix. A shared size does not prove equal pressure drop, spill control or service life across brands. CPC gives useful data on wetted materials and connections. A project plan should still set cleanliness rules, cycle tests, side-load limits and a replacement policy. It should also name the party that owns the hose assembly. The company was founded in Minnesota in 1978. It is based in Arden Hills and operates within Dover. Buyers should ask whether CPC or the hose builder warrants the finished hose. They should ask which inspection records come with each lot. They should also confirm whether new socket and plug versions work with old ones. Public pages do not give a fleet-wide failure rate. They do not give one set replacement term or all test data for every coolant mix. These gaps matter. Parts with the same interface can still differ in insertion force, spill, inner volume and pressure loss. A rack test should check access, labels and clear proof of connection. It should also test removal while nearby branches stay live. → CPC, or Colder Products Company, supplies parts rather than a full rack-cooling system. Its Everis range has latched and blind-mate quick disconnects. These run from server links to larger rack-loop links. Its OCP-oriented UQD models are meant to support more than one source. Specify the exact flow size, end fitting, seal, pressure and coolant mix. A shared size does not prove equal pressure drop, spill control or service life across brands. CPC gives useful data on wetted materials and connections. The qualification plan needs cleanliness rules, cycle tests, side-load limits and a replacement policy. It should also name the party that owns the hose assembly. The company was founded in Minnesota in 1978. It is based in Arden Hills and operates within Dover. Confirm whether CPC or the hose builder warrants the finished hose. Require the inspection records that come with each lot. Also check whether new socket and plug versions work with old ones. Available product pages give no fleet-wide failure rate. They give no standard replacement term or full test set for every coolant mix. Parts with the same interface can still differ in insertion force, spill, inner volume and pressure loss. A rack test should check access, labels and clear proof of connection. It should also test removal while nearby branches stay live.
    • Field updateddescription: Stäubli supplies connection hardware within the liquid loop, not the pumps, cold plates or facility heat rejection around it. Its data-center portfolio includes OCP-oriented UQD and blind-mate UQDB couplings as well as the CGD metal range used by Fujitsu in Fugaku. The published ranges cover several nominal diameters, seal choices and alignment formats, so procurement must identify a complete socket-and-plug combination rather than cite only a family name. Buyers should compare pressure loss at the required flow, drip and air-inclusion limits, allowable misalignment, mating cycles, coolant compatibility and whether a listed approval applies to the exact part number. Founded in 1892, Stäubli remains family owned and is headquartered in Pfäffikon, Switzerland. The Fugaku reference demonstrates scale and hot-swap use, but it does not publish the selected CGD size, coolant chemistry, observed leak rate or replacement history. A new buyer should request test reports for both mating halves, tolerance data for the actual blind-mate guide system, and confirmation that seals, lubricants and surface finishes comply with the server vendor's water-quality rules. The commercial review should identify regional stocking, special tooling, lot traceability and the party responsible when a coupling, hose or manifold interface causes an imbalance. Multi-source claims should be verified through cross-mating tests under pressure rather than dimensional drawings alone. → Stäubli supplies connection hardware within the liquid loop, not the pumps, cold plates or facility heat rejection around it. Its data-center portfolio includes OCP-oriented UQD and blind-mate UQDB couplings as well as the CGD metal range used by Fujitsu in Fugaku. The ranges cover several nominal diameters, seal choices and alignment formats. The specification must identify a complete socket-and-plug combination, not just a family name. Compare pressure loss at the required flow, drip and air-inclusion limits, allowable misalignment, mating cycles and coolant compatibility. Verify that each listed approval applies to the exact part number. Founded in 1892, Stäubli remains family owned and is headquartered in Pfäffikon, Switzerland. The Fugaku reference demonstrates scale and hot-swap use, but omits the selected CGD size, coolant chemistry, observed leak rate and replacement history. Request test reports for both mating halves and tolerance data for the actual blind-mate guide system. Seals, lubricants and surface finishes must comply with the server vendor's water-quality rules. The commercial review should identify regional stocking, special tooling, lot traceability and responsibility for imbalance at a coupling, hose or manifold interface. Verify multi-source claims through cross-mating tests under pressure, not dimensional drawings alone.
    • Field updateddescription: Parker Hannifin sells parts that move fluid from coolant distribution units to manifolds and cold plates. The two linked manifold lines are made for industrial liquid, gas, steam and hydraulic work. Parker does not market them as ready-made rack manifolds. They show its 316-stainless distribution hardware and the options it can build. Use in a technology-coolant loop would need project tests. Those tests should cover flow balance, cleanliness, glycol, branch links, pressure drop and service space. Parker also sells OCP-oriented quick disconnects, tube, hose and valves for data-center liquid cooling. This wide range may reduce handoffs between part suppliers. It does not create a tested rack-loop assembly or one system warranty. Parker is based in Cleveland and trades on the New York Stock Exchange. Buyers should ask which Parker unit owns the proposed assembly. They should also ask if adapting an industrial manifold would void any cleanliness or material claim. Public sources do not give rack sizes, branch Cv values, inner volume or flush steps. They also do not show an OCP test for HPAHM or HPAHMC. The design review should show how shutoff valves, quick disconnects, drains, vents and sensors fit together. Ask for full-weld and non-destructive-test records. One named builder should own branch balance, pressure tests and warranty handoffs across all Parker parts. → Parker Hannifin sells parts that move fluid from coolant distribution units to manifolds and cold plates. The HPAHM and HPAHMC lines are made for industrial liquid, gas, steam and hydraulic work. Parker does not market them as ready-made rack manifolds. They show its 316-stainless distribution hardware and the options it can build. Use in a technology-coolant loop requires project tests for flow balance, cleanliness, glycol, branch links, pressure drop and service space. Parker also sells OCP-oriented quick disconnects, tube, hose and valves for data-center liquid cooling. That range may reduce handoffs between part suppliers, but it is not a tested rack-loop assembly with one system warranty. Parker is based in Cleveland and trades on the New York Stock Exchange. The proposal must identify which Parker unit owns the assembly. It must also state whether adapting an industrial manifold affects any cleanliness or material claim. Available sources omit rack sizes, branch Cv values, inner volume and flush steps. They show no OCP test for HPAHM or HPAHMC. The design review should show how shutoff valves, quick disconnects, drains, vents and sensors fit together. Require full-weld and non-destructive-test records. One named builder should own branch balance, pressure tests and warranty handoffs across all Parker parts.
    • Field updateddescription: USystems concentrates on close-coupled air-assisted liquid cooling. Its ColdLogik rear doors replace or attach to a rack rear door, transfer server exhaust heat to water and return near-room-temperature air without requiring processor cold plates. That can preserve standard server service procedures, but door weight, rack fit, fan interaction, condensation margin and facility-water availability remain project constraints. The linked CL20 and CL23 span medium- through very-high-density duties; their headline capacities use stated water conditions and should not be carried into a design without a project-specific coil, airflow and redundancy calculation. USystems publishes named installations at DataBank, Cambridge and other sites. It was established in 2003, operates from Bedford in the United Kingdom and is now a Legrand brand. Buyers should request capacity tables across inlet-water temperatures, server airflow and altitude, together with fan power, water-side pressure loss, sound and failure-mode data. A retrofit survey should confirm hinge loads, cabinet adapter frames, aisle clearance, hose bend radius, leak detection and how a loaded door is supported during server service. Public references do not disclose standardized installed cost, fleet-wide fan or valve failure rates, or current measured annual efficiency. Contracts should state whether USystems, the rack supplier or the mechanical contractor owns controls integration, condensation avoidance and cooling continuity when one door is opened or isolated. → USystems concentrates on close-coupled air-assisted liquid cooling. Its ColdLogik rear doors replace or attach to a rack rear door, transfer server exhaust heat to water and return near-room-temperature air without requiring processor cold plates. That can preserve standard server service procedures, but door weight, rack fit, fan interaction, condensation margin and facility-water availability remain project constraints. The CL20 and CL23 span medium- through very-high-density duties. Their headline capacities use stated water conditions and need project-specific coil, airflow and redundancy calculations. USystems publishes named installations at DataBank, Cambridge and other sites. It was established in 2003, operates from Bedford in the United Kingdom and is now a Legrand brand. Request capacity tables across inlet-water temperatures, server airflow and altitude. Include fan power, water-side pressure loss, sound and failure-mode data. A retrofit survey should confirm hinge loads, cabinet adapter frames, aisle clearance, hose bend radius and leak detection. It should show how a loaded door is supported during server service. Available references omit standardized installed cost, fleet-wide fan or valve failure rates and current measured annual efficiency. Contracts should state whether USystems, the rack supplier or the mechanical contractor owns controls integration, condensation avoidance and cooling continuity when one door is opened or isolated.
    • Field updateddescription: Grundfos operates mainly on the facility-water side of the cooling chain. Its data-center references cover split-case and end-suction pumps, controls and the MIXIT mixing-loop package used with direct-to-chip cooling at NorthC. Pump selection must be made at the actual duty point: flow, head, fluid temperature, glycol concentration, redundancy and control strategy determine energy use and whether the pump remains within an efficient operating region. The linked KPVS and NBG records illustrate two plant arrangements rather than rack-integrated pumps. Buyers should request certified curves, minimum-flow limits, motor and drive data, seal materials, service clearance, vibration criteria and a staged-control sequence. Grundfos was founded in 1945, is headquartered in Bjerringbro and is primarily owned by the Grundfos Foundation. Procurement should model the full operating map as racks are commissioned, because a pump selected for ultimate build-out may spend early years far from its best-efficiency region. The submittal should show net positive suction head margin, parallel-pump stability, motor and drive efficiency, harmonic treatment and restart behavior after a power interruption. Public case studies report project outcomes but do not provide raw trend data, standardized measurement boundaries or fleet-wide reliability. Buyers should therefore seek witnessed factory tests, recent references at comparable flow and fluid conditions, stocked critical spares and a clear division of responsibility between pump controls and the site building-automation system. → Grundfos operates mainly on the facility-water side of the cooling chain. Its data-center references cover split-case and end-suction pumps, controls and the MIXIT mixing-loop package used with direct-to-chip cooling at NorthC. Pump selection must use the actual duty point. Flow, head, fluid temperature, glycol concentration, redundancy and control strategy determine energy use and the efficient operating region. The KPVS and NBG show two plant arrangements, not rack-integrated pumps. Require certified curves, minimum-flow limits, motor and drive data, seal materials, service clearance, vibration criteria and a staged-control sequence. Grundfos was founded in 1945, is headquartered in Bjerringbro and is primarily owned by the Grundfos Foundation. Model the full operating map as racks are commissioned. A pump sized for ultimate build-out may spend its early years far from its best-efficiency region. The submittal should show net positive suction head margin, parallel-pump stability, motor and drive efficiency, harmonic treatment and restart behavior after a power interruption. Case studies report project outcomes without raw trend data, standard measurement boundaries or fleet-wide reliability. Require witnessed factory tests, recent references at comparable flow and fluid conditions, stocked critical spares and a clear split of responsibility between pump controls and the site building-automation system.
    • Field updateddescription: Armstrong Fluid Technology supplies pumps and plant controls. It does not supply server cold plates or rack manifolds. Its vertical in-line design aims to cut plant-room floor and pipe needs. Design Envelope versions add variable-speed controls and data links. Armstrong also packages full chilled-water plant rooms. Its Digital Realty HKG10 case documents that role. A package can reduce work in the field. Buyers must still separate package results from the stated limits of one pump line. Selection needs the project flow, head and fluid data. It also needs motor efficiency, the control plan, N+1 backup, minimum flow and service shutoff. Factory tests should be witnessed. Armstrong was founded in Toronto in 1934 and keeps its head office there. Buyers should ask for wire-to-water results over the expected yearly load, not one best point. A vertical in-line layout can save floor area. The design must still prove pipe-load limits, low vibration, lift access and shutoff for motor or seal work. The public HKG10 case does not name the pump models or plant tonnage. It gives no start-up data or current efficiency. Buyers should require a controls-point list and clear network ownership. They should also set cyber rules, failure and restart steps, a spare-drive plan and firm test points. Those points must state water temperature, glycol share and sensor accuracy. → Armstrong Fluid Technology supplies pumps and plant controls. It does not supply server cold plates or rack manifolds. Its vertical in-line design aims to cut plant-room floor and pipe needs. Design Envelope versions add variable-speed controls and data links. Armstrong also packages full chilled-water plant rooms. Its Digital Realty HKG10 case documents that role. A package can reduce work in the field. Package results still need to be separated from the stated limits of one pump line. Selection needs the project flow, head and fluid data. It also needs motor efficiency, the control plan, N+1 backup, minimum flow and service shutoff. Factory tests should be witnessed. Armstrong was founded in Toronto in 1934 and keeps its head office there. Request wire-to-water results over the expected yearly load, not one best point. A vertical in-line layout can save floor area. The design must prove pipe-load limits, low vibration, lift access and shutoff for motor or seal work. The HKG10 case does not name the pump models or plant tonnage. It gives no start-up data or current efficiency. Require a controls-point list and clear network ownership. Set cyber rules, failure and restart steps, a spare-drive plan and firm test points. Those points must state water temperature, glycol share and sensor accuracy.
    • Field updateddescription: Belimo supplies water-loop controls, not full cooling loops. Its Energy Valve joins a pressure-independent valve with an ultrasonic flow meter. It also has heat sensors and control logic. The EPIV controls flow as system pressure changes. It does not have the same energy-meter features. Belimo lists these devices for coolant distribution units, cold plates and rear-door heat exchangers. It also lists two-phase condensers, computer room air handlers and fan walls. Buyers must size each valve for the real flow range and available pressure. They should then check glycol correction, sensor accuracy, fail position, network links and cyber risks. An oversized valve may spend most of its life near the lowest flow it can control. That can weaken control quality. Belimo was founded in 1975. It is based in Hinwil and listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The control plan should say what the building system commands. That may be position, flow, pressure difference or heat transfer. It should also state the local fallback after a link fails. Start-up tests should use the real glycol mix. They should check meter accuracy, straight pipe and sensor placement. Public pages do not give long-term data-center failure rates or one setup for every rack loop. Belimo tells liquid-cooling users to contact its data-center team. Buyers should set rules for firmware, passwords, cloud links, saved trends, alarms and actuator swaps. They should also state how valve data is checked against coolant distribution unit and plant meters. → Belimo supplies water-loop controls, not full cooling loops. Its Energy Valve joins a pressure-independent valve with an ultrasonic flow meter. It also has heat sensors and control logic. The EPIV controls flow as system pressure changes. It does not have the same energy-meter features. Belimo lists these devices for coolant distribution units, cold plates and rear-door heat exchangers. It also lists two-phase condensers, computer room air handlers and fan walls. Size each valve for the real flow range and available pressure. Then check glycol correction, sensor accuracy, fail position, network links and cyber risks. An oversized valve may spend most of its life near the lowest flow it can control. That can weaken control quality. Belimo was founded in 1975. It is based in Hinwil and listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The control plan should say what the building system commands. That may be position, flow, pressure difference or heat transfer. It should also state the local fallback after a link fails. Start-up tests should use the real glycol mix. They should check meter accuracy, straight pipe and sensor placement. Available pages give no long-term data-center failure rates or one setup for every rack loop. Belimo tells liquid-cooling users to contact its data-center team. Define rules for firmware, passwords, cloud links, saved trends, alarms and actuator swaps. Also state how valve data is checked against coolant distribution unit and plant meters.
    • Field updateddescription: Wieland's electronics-cooling unit supplies cold plates, not full data-center loops. Its standard 4000-series plates use friction-stir welds and Micro Deformation Technology pin fins. A custom program can change the plate size and inner flow path for a given heat map. The linked products are broad heat-transfer parts. They are not proof of approval for a named processor, graphics chip or server. Buyers should provide the real chip package and heat flux. They should also state the mount load, inlet temperature, allowed pressure drop, coolant and leak-test rule. The contract must assign ownership of hoses, quick disconnects and the rack manifold. Product drawings help screen fit. They do not replace a heat test. Wieland was founded in Ulm in 1820 and is still based there. A test plan should map heat and flow. It should include pressure cycles, proof and burst tests, corrosion exposure and flatness after joining. It should also inspect the friction-stir weld. Public drawings do not state heat capacity, thermal resistance, pressure drop or proof pressure. They do not give the full wetted-material list for these two parts. Buyers should ask which sizes are fixed and which can change. They should define which design changes force a new test. Ask whether shipped units include serial records and cleanliness proof. The parties must also assign the server warranty, mounting hardware and interface material. → Wieland's electronics-cooling unit supplies cold plates, not full data-center loops. Its standard 4000-series plates use friction-stir welds and Micro Deformation Technology pin fins. A custom program can change the plate size and inner flow path for a given heat map. The CP-E-4009-S3XJ and CP-E-4013-S3XJ are broad heat-transfer parts. They are not proof of approval for a named processor, graphics chip or server. Provide the real chip package and heat flux. Also state the mount load, inlet temperature, allowed pressure drop, coolant and leak-test rule. The contract must assign ownership of hoses, quick disconnects and the rack manifold. Product drawings help screen fit. They do not replace a heat test. Wieland was founded in Ulm in 1820 and is still based there. A test plan should map heat and flow. It should include pressure cycles, proof and burst tests, corrosion exposure and flatness after joining. It should also inspect the friction-stir weld. Available drawings omit heat capacity, thermal resistance, pressure drop and proof pressure. They also omit the full wetted-material list for these two parts. Ask which sizes are fixed and which can change. Define which design changes force a new test. Confirm whether shipped units include serial records and cleanliness proof. The parties must also assign the server warranty, mounting hardware and interface material.
    • Field updateddescription: UQD02 is CPC's compact latched coupling for server and cold-plate branches. CPC specifies 303 stainless-steel main housings, EPDM seals, stainless wetted springs, non-spill shutoff and barbed or threaded terminations. Its OCP-oriented interface can simplify multi-vendor sourcing, but buyers should verify the exact revision, mating half and approved coolant rather than assuming every UQD-labeled part interchanges. Request the flow-versus-pressure curve, spillage and air-inclusion test conditions, cleanroom or flushing requirement, mating-cycle rating and the assembled hose qualification before release. The public product page does not state one universal operating-pressure range, Cv, cycle life or replacement interval for every UQD02 part number. Procurement should therefore lock the socket, plug, seal and termination as one approved pair and require cross-mating evidence if a second source is planned. The rack qualification should measure branch pressure drop with both couplings installed, confirm that technicians can hear or feel secure engagement, and test disconnection under the permitted pressure. It should also establish dust-cap use, color or keying rules, inspection criteria for damaged latches and the procedure for replacing a coupling without contaminating the server loop. → UQD02 is CPC's compact latched coupling for server and cold-plate branches. CPC specifies 303 stainless-steel main housings, EPDM seals, stainless wetted springs, non-spill shutoff and barbed or threaded terminations. Its OCP-oriented interface can simplify multi-vendor sourcing. Verify the exact revision, mating half and approved coolant; a UQD label alone does not prove interchangeability. Request the flow-versus-pressure curve, spillage and air-inclusion test conditions, cleanroom or flushing requirement, mating-cycle rating and the assembled hose qualification before release. The product page gives no universal operating-pressure range, Cv, cycle life or replacement interval for every UQD02 part number. Lock the socket, plug, seal and termination as one approved pair. Require cross-mating evidence if a second source is planned. The rack qualification should measure branch pressure drop with both couplings installed, confirm that technicians can hear or feel secure engagement, and test disconnection under the permitted pressure. It should also establish dust-cap use, color or keying rules, inspection criteria for damaged latches and the procedure for replacing a coupling without contaminating the server loop.
    • Field updateddescription: The UQD08/UQDB08 family targets the higher-flow rack side of a direct-liquid-cooling loop. CPC describes 304 stainless construction, redundant seals, threaded manifold terminations and a hybrid socket-and-plug format that supports blind-mate integration while retaining OCP-oriented interoperability. The supplier says the current design meets or exceeds OCP version 2 flow requirements, but procurement should tie that claim to the submitted part numbers and test report. Alignment tolerance, support loads, coolant compatibility, pressure drop at design flow, disconnect spillage and replacement access should be checked in the rack mock-up. The public page does not provide a complete pressure-temperature envelope, flow curve, mating-cycle limit or blind-mate side-load allowance for every configuration. Buyers should request dimensional stack-up data for the rack guide system and verify that SAE-10 or SAE-12 terminations, as applicable, match the manifold without adapters that add leak points. Qualification should include repeated misaligned connections, vibration, thermal cycling, pressure decay and coolant aging. Procurement should also define whether a damaged socket can be replaced in place, which spare halves are stocked, and how compatibility is controlled when earlier and version-two components coexist. → The UQD08/UQDB08 family targets the higher-flow rack side of a direct-liquid-cooling loop. CPC describes 304 stainless construction, redundant seals, threaded manifold terminations and a hybrid socket-and-plug format that supports blind-mate integration while retaining OCP-oriented interoperability. The supplier says the current design meets or exceeds OCP version 2 flow requirements. Tie that claim to the submitted part numbers and test report. Check alignment tolerance, support loads, coolant compatibility, pressure drop at design flow, disconnect spillage and replacement access in the rack mock-up. The product page gives no complete pressure-temperature envelope, flow curve, mating-cycle limit or blind-mate side-load allowance for every configuration. Request dimensional stack-up data for the rack guide system. Verify that SAE-10 or SAE-12 terminations, as applicable, match the manifold without adapters that add leak points. Qualification should include repeated misaligned connections, vibration, thermal cycling, pressure decay and coolant aging. Define whether a damaged socket can be replaced in place, which spare halves are stocked, and how compatibility is controlled when earlier and version-two components coexist.
    • Field updateddescription: Stäubli's UQD/UQDB family spans nominal diameters from 3 to 10 mm for water-glycol electronic-cooling loops. The supplier publishes a 16 bar maximum allowable pressure, automatic connection, double shutoff and model-specific flows measured with water at 5 m/s. UQDB variants add guided blind-mate alignment. Those family-level values are not a substitute for a selected socket, plug, seal code and termination. Buyers should compare the required coupling force, misalignment, pressure drop, drip volume, air inclusion and mating endurance, and should confirm which product revision is accepted by the server or rack vendor. The published flow figures are calculated at a stated water velocity and do not show the full pressure-drop curve or performance with glycol. A submittal should identify wetted materials, seal code, allowable temperature, proof pressure and the exact manual or blind-mate guide hardware. Cross-supplier interchangeability should be demonstrated with the proposed mating halves after pressure, vibration and thermal cycling. Operations teams also need inspection limits for seal or face damage, instructions for depressurization and cleaning, spare-part lead times and a method to prevent inlet and return connections from being reversed. → Stäubli's UQD/UQDB family spans nominal diameters from 3 to 10 mm for water-glycol electronic-cooling loops. The supplier publishes a 16 bar maximum allowable pressure, automatic connection, double shutoff and model-specific flows measured with water at 5 m/s. UQDB variants add guided blind-mate alignment. Those family-level values are not a substitute for a selected socket, plug, seal code and termination. Compare the required coupling force, misalignment, pressure drop, drip volume, air inclusion and mating endurance. Confirm which product revision is accepted by the server or rack vendor. The flow figures use a stated water velocity and omit the full pressure-drop curve and glycol performance. A submittal should identify wetted materials, seal code, allowable temperature, proof pressure and the exact manual or blind-mate guide hardware. Demonstrate cross-supplier interchangeability with the proposed mating halves after pressure, vibration and thermal cycling. Operations teams also need inspection limits for seal or face damage, instructions for depressurization and cleaning, spare-part lead times and a method to prevent inlet and return connections from being reversed.
    • Field updateddescription: CGD is Stäubli's established metal coupling family for electronic thermal management, with nominal diameters of 3, 5, 8 and 12 mm. The socket closes the circuit automatically on disconnection, while the flush face is intended to limit fluid loss and contamination. Fujitsu selected CGD for blade connections in Fugaku, providing a named operating reference, but that does not make every CGD size suitable for a new rack. Selection should cover seal code, coolant, pressure and temperature, connection force, allowable offset, service access and pressure loss across both mating halves. Stäubli's brochure lists multiple constructions and seal choices, so the project specification must not treat CGD as one uniform material set. The Fugaku source does not disclose its exact part number, coolant, duty point, observed spill or field-replacement history. Buyers should request model-specific curves and test evidence for pressure cycling, vibration, contaminated faces and repeated hot-swap operations. The mechanical mock-up should verify guide tolerances and connector support so rack or blade weight does not load the coupling. Procedures should define cleaning, cap use, visual rejection criteria and whether neighboring equipment can remain operating during service. → CGD is Stäubli's established metal coupling family for electronic thermal management, with nominal diameters of 3, 5, 8 and 12 mm. The socket closes the circuit automatically on disconnection, while the flush face is intended to limit fluid loss and contamination. Fujitsu selected CGD for blade connections in Fugaku, providing a named operating reference, but that does not make every CGD size suitable for a new rack. Selection should cover seal code, coolant, pressure and temperature, connection force, allowable offset, service access and pressure loss across both mating halves. Stäubli's brochure lists multiple constructions and seal choices, so the project specification must not treat CGD as one uniform material set. The Fugaku source omits its exact part number, coolant, duty point, observed spill and field-replacement history. Request model-specific curves and test evidence for pressure cycling, vibration, contaminated faces and repeated hot-swap operations. The mechanical mock-up should verify guide tolerances and connector support so rack or blade weight does not load the coupling. Procedures should define cleaning, cap use, visual rejection criteria and whether neighboring equipment can remain operating during service.
    • Field updateddescription: HPAHM is an industrial distribution manifold, not a purpose-qualified rack manifold. Parker builds it around a thick-gauge 316-stainless body with up to 20 welded Hi-Pro ball-valve outlets and optional integrated A-LOK tube connections. Those features may reduce field joints in a facility or row distribution assembly, but its published pressure envelope is far above a typical technology-coolant loop and its catalog does not claim OCP rack geometry, low pressure drop or coolant cleanliness. A data-center buyer would need a custom hydraulic review covering branch Cv, balancing, dead volume, glycol compatibility, flushing, drain and vent points, mounting, insulation and acceptance testing. The catalog states that threaded-manifold pressure can reach 2,785 psi and that flanged ratings depend on flange class; neither value establishes efficient low-pressure coolant distribution. Parker should provide branch and header pressure-drop calculations at the proposed flows, internal-surface and passivation requirements, weld and non-destructive-test records, and a documented cleaning state. The integrator must decide whether the built-in ball valves provide isolation only or acceptable balancing, and should specify sensor ports, high-point vents, low-point drains, labeling and a way to remove one branch without contaminating others. → HPAHM is an industrial distribution manifold, not a purpose-qualified rack manifold. Parker builds it around a thick-gauge 316-stainless body with up to 20 welded Hi-Pro ball-valve outlets and optional integrated A-LOK tube connections. Those features may reduce field joints in a facility or row distribution assembly. Its pressure envelope is far above a typical technology-coolant loop, and the catalog claims no OCP rack geometry, low pressure drop or coolant cleanliness. Data-center use needs a custom hydraulic review of branch Cv, balancing, dead volume and glycol compatibility. The review also needs flushing, drain and vent points, mounting, insulation and acceptance tests. The catalog states that threaded-manifold pressure can reach 2,785 psi and that flanged ratings depend on flange class. Neither value establishes efficient low-pressure coolant distribution. Require branch and header pressure-drop calculations at the proposed flows. Parker should also define internal-surface and passivation requirements, weld and non-destructive-test records, and cleaning state. The integrator must decide whether the built-in ball valves provide isolation only or acceptable balancing. Specify sensor ports, high-point vents, low-point drains, labeling and a way to remove one branch without contaminating others.
    • Field updateddescription: HPAHMC keeps the welded 316-stainless body and valved branches of HPAHM. Parker says it is 40% shorter and nearly 20% lighter. The catalog places it in high-pressure industrial systems. It does not market it as a rack liquid-cooling part. Its small size may suit a row or plant skid. The supplier or system builder must first prove its fit for data-center use. Tests should cover pressure drop, even branch flow, coolant cleanliness and service access. Buyers should also set branch connection rules. They should define shutoff, drain and corrosion plans. Factory pressure tests must have clear limits. The design must show whether staff can service one branch while nearby racks stay live. Parker compares the size and weight with its own standard industrial manifold. It does not compare them with a purpose-built rack manifold. Public data does not give all dimensions for every outlet count. It also omits branch Cv, header volume and a coolant-cleanliness class. A project submittal should show the chosen layout and mounting loads. It should include a flow model, weld records and pressure-test limits. Staff should check handle access in the final position. Branch labels and lockout points must be clear. There must be enough room to service each fitting without loading the header. → HPAHMC keeps the welded 316-stainless body and valved branches of HPAHM. Parker says it is 40% shorter and nearly 20% lighter. The catalog places it in high-pressure industrial systems, not rack liquid cooling. Its small size may suit a row or plant skid. The supplier or system builder must first prove its fit for data-center use. Tests should cover pressure drop, even branch flow, coolant cleanliness and service access. Set branch connection rules along with shutoff, drain and corrosion plans. Factory pressure tests need clear limits. The design must show whether staff can service one branch while nearby racks stay live. Parker compares the size and weight with its own standard industrial manifold, not with a purpose-built rack manifold. Available data omits full dimensions for each outlet count, branch Cv, header volume and a coolant-cleanliness class. The submittal should show the chosen layout and mounting loads. It should include a flow model, weld records and pressure-test limits. Staff should check handle access in the final position. Branch labels and lockout points must be clear. There must be enough room to service each fitting without loading the header.
    • Field updateddescription: CL20 uses a water coil, electronically commutated fans and ColdLogik controls to remove server exhaust heat at the rack. USystems offers 42U and 47U variants in 600 or 800 mm widths and lists leak detection plus TCP/IP, SNMP and BACnet. The 93 kW rating is tied to 14°C inlet water; rack airflow, exhaust temperature, water flow and redundancy will determine usable duty. Buyers should check filled weight, hinges and rack adapter, server-fan back pressure, fan-failure behavior, valve authority, dew-point margin, hose routing and whether room cooling remains necessary during door maintenance. The supplier FAQ notes that model-dependent filled weights can exceed 90 kg across its rear-door range, so the selected-door drawing and rack certification are essential. A proposal should include capacity and fan-power data at the project's water and air conditions, water-side pressure loss, sound, maximum working pressure and control points. Site testing should simulate an opened door, failed fan, lost water flow and high dew point. Procurement should also identify who supplies flexible hoses, isolation valves and leak alarms and who warrants their assembled interfaces. → CL20 uses a water coil, electronically commutated fans and ColdLogik controls to remove server exhaust heat at the rack. USystems offers 42U and 47U variants in 600 or 800 mm widths and lists leak detection plus TCP/IP, SNMP and BACnet. The 93 kW rating is tied to 14°C inlet water; rack airflow, exhaust temperature, water flow and redundancy will determine usable duty. Check filled weight, hinges and rack adapter, server-fan back pressure and fan-failure behavior. The review also needs valve authority, dew-point margin, hose routing and a decision on room cooling during door maintenance. The supplier FAQ notes that model-dependent filled weights can exceed 90 kg across its rear-door range, so the selected-door drawing and rack certification are essential. A proposal should include capacity and fan-power data at the project's water and air conditions, water-side pressure loss, sound, maximum working pressure and control points. Site testing should simulate an opened door, failed fan, lost water flow and high dew point. Contract documents should identify who supplies flexible hoses, isolation valves and leak alarms. They should also assign warranty responsibility for the assembled interfaces.
    • Field updateddescription: CL23 extends ColdLogik rear-door cooling into loads often served by direct-to-chip systems. USystems markets 200 kW per rack. It reports 204 kW with 14°C inlet water in its technical questions page. This is a design point, not a rating for any rack. The servers must move enough air through the coil. The plant loop must also supply the needed flow and pressure. Buyers should ask for a schedule for the chosen unit. It should list size, filled weight, fan and pump power, sound and water-side pressure loss. It should also give controls, failure modes and output at the planned water temperature. Public material does not state the air flow or water flow behind the 204 kW result. It also omits return temperature, rack shape and backup assumptions. The performance promise should fix all of those terms. Factory or site tests should repeat them. The rack review must prove that server fans can overcome door resistance. It should test whether uneven exhaust creates hot spots at the coil or server inlet. Buyers should set rules for hose support, door clearance, moisture control and leak response. They should also define backup cooling while a door, control board or water branch is out of service. The product targets high-performance computing (HPC) racks, but each rack still needs its own air and water study. → CL23 extends ColdLogik rear-door cooling into loads often served by direct-to-chip systems. USystems markets 200 kW per rack. It reports 204 kW with 14°C inlet water in its technical questions page. This is a design point, not a rating for any rack. The servers must move enough air through the coil. The plant loop must also supply the needed flow and pressure. Request a schedule for the chosen unit. It should list size, filled weight, fan and pump power, sound and water-side pressure loss. It should also give controls, failure modes and output at the planned water temperature. Available material does not state the air flow or water flow behind the 204 kW result. It also omits return temperature, rack shape and backup assumptions. The performance guarantee should fix all of those terms. Factory or site tests should repeat them. The rack review must prove that server fans can overcome door resistance. It should test whether uneven exhaust creates hot spots at the coil or server inlet. Set rules for hose support, door clearance, moisture control and leak response. Define backup cooling while a door, control board or water branch is out of service. The product targets high-performance computing (HPC) racks, but each rack still needs its own air and water study.
    • Field updateddescription: KPVS is a plant-side pump rather than a rack coolant pump. Its double-suction and double-volute construction is intended to reduce axial and radial loads, while the split coupling allows motor and seal service without disturbing the pipework. Grundfos reports that selected KPVS units at an unnamed hyperscale operator were 5% more efficient in chilled-water and 4% more efficient in condenser-water duty than specified alternatives. Those are project results, not a universal efficiency margin. Buyers need the selected curve, motor, net positive suction head, minimum flow, seal plan, vibration limit and operating sequence across all parallel pumps. The cited customer and duty points are undisclosed, so the reported percentages cannot be normalized for flow, head, impeller selection or control strategy. A bid evaluation should compare certified curves at identical duties and include motor and variable-speed-drive losses. It should also test parallel stability at phased loads, define minimum run time and standby rotation, and show how one pump is isolated and serviced while required cooling remains available. Procurement should request seal and bearing life assumptions, vibration baselines, spare rotating assemblies, regional response times and witnessed performance-test tolerances. → KPVS is a plant-side pump rather than a rack coolant pump. Its double-suction and double-volute construction is intended to reduce axial and radial loads, while the split coupling allows motor and seal service without disturbing the pipework. Grundfos reports that selected KPVS units at an unnamed hyperscale operator were 5% more efficient in chilled-water and 4% more efficient in condenser-water duty than specified alternatives. Those are project results, not a universal efficiency margin. The submittal needs the selected curve, motor and net positive suction head. It also needs minimum flow, seal plan, vibration limit and the operating sequence across all parallel pumps. The cited customer and duty points are undisclosed, so the reported percentages cannot be normalized for flow, head, impeller selection or control strategy. A bid evaluation should compare certified curves at identical duties and include motor and variable-speed-drive losses. It should also test parallel stability at phased loads, define minimum run time and standby rotation, and show how one pump is isolated and serviced while required cooling remains available. Request seal and bearing life assumptions, vibration baselines and spare rotating assemblies. Regional response times and witnessed performance-test tolerances also belong in the bid.
    • Field updateddescription: Grundfos identifies this NBG configuration in its Digital Realty case study as the pump selected to lift water from Millwall Inner Dock through the primary heat-exchanger circuit. The supplier describes a close-coupled, single-stage unit with an IE3 motor and variable-speed drive. The case establishes a demanding source-water use, but it does not publish the final flow, head, redundancy or measured seasonal efficiency. A new project should not reuse the model from the reference alone; it must recalculate suction conditions, screen and fouling losses, corrosion materials, environmental limits, duty/standby arrangement and service access. Source-water service also requires explicit treatment of debris screens, biological fouling, corrosion, low-water conditions and environmental discharge limits that may not apply to a closed rack loop. Buyers should obtain the selected pump curve, net positive suction head requirement, minimum continuous flow, materials, seal arrangement and drive-control sequence. The acceptance plan should verify lifting duty at worst water level and fouled-system resistance, plus automatic transfer to standby equipment. Public evidence does not state the installed quantity or maintenance history, so current operator references and service records remain necessary. → Grundfos identifies this NBG configuration in its Digital Realty case study as the pump selected to lift water from Millwall Inner Dock through the primary heat-exchanger circuit. The supplier describes a close-coupled, single-stage unit with an IE3 motor and variable-speed drive. The case establishes a demanding source-water use, but it does not publish the final flow, head, redundancy or measured seasonal efficiency. A new project should not reuse the model from the reference alone. It must recalculate suction conditions, screen and fouling losses, corrosion materials and environmental limits. The duty and standby arrangement and service access also need review. Source-water service requires explicit treatment of debris screens, biological fouling, corrosion, low-water conditions and environmental discharge limits that may not apply to a closed rack loop. Obtain the selected pump curve, net positive suction head requirement and minimum continuous flow. The submittal should also identify materials, seal arrangement and drive-control sequence. The acceptance plan should verify lifting duty at worst water level and fouled-system resistance, plus automatic transfer to standby equipment. The cited evidence gives no installed quantity or maintenance history, so current operator references and service records remain necessary.
    • Field updateddescription: The 4300 family addresses primary, secondary or condenser-water duties where plant-room footprint and serviceability matter. Armstrong publishes a broad envelope up to 28,000 US gpm, 500 feet of head and 1,250 hp, with 1.5- to 20-inch connections. No project will use those maxima simultaneously, and efficiency depends on the selected impeller, speed and duty point. Buyers should require a certified selection showing best-efficiency-point margin, net positive suction head, motor and drive losses, minimum-flow controls, seal materials, vibration and sound, plus the sequence for multiple pumps under normal and failed conditions. Because the family spans many sizes and constructions, every procurement value must come from the selected submittal rather than the family maxima. The review should include casing pressure class, impeller trim, motor enclosure, drive harmonics, communication protocol, ambient derating and fluid-temperature limits. A maintainability check should confirm lifting paths, coupling and seal access, valve placement and whether an individual pump can be removed without draining a common header. Factory testing should state measurement tolerances and acceptance points at design, part load and runout, with project fluid corrections where applicable. → The 4300 family addresses primary, secondary or condenser-water duties where plant-room footprint and serviceability matter. Armstrong publishes a broad envelope up to 28,000 US gpm, 500 feet of head and 1,250 hp, with 1.5- to 20-inch connections. No project will use those maxima simultaneously, and efficiency depends on the selected impeller, speed and duty point. Require a certified selection showing best-efficiency-point margin, net positive suction head, motor and drive losses and minimum-flow controls. The selection should also cover seal materials, vibration, sound and the sequence for multiple pumps under normal and failed conditions. Because the family spans many sizes and constructions, every purchase value must come from the selected submittal rather than the family maxima. The review should include casing pressure class, impeller trim, motor enclosure, drive harmonics, communication protocol, ambient derating and fluid-temperature limits. A maintainability check should confirm lifting paths, coupling and seal access, valve placement and whether an individual pump can be removed without draining a common header. Factory testing should state measurement tolerances and acceptance points at design, part load and runout, with project fluid corrections where applicable.
    • Field updateddescription: The 4380 is the smaller vertical in-line family beside Armstrong's 4300. Its published envelope reaches 2,500 US gpm, 300 feet of head and 60 hp, with 1.5- to 8-inch connections. Armstrong emphasizes elimination of inertia bases, field alignment and some flexible connectors, but project seismic, vibration and piping-stress requirements still govern. Selection should compare wire-to-water efficiency over the expected load profile, not only full-load pump efficiency. Buyers also need motor enclosure, variable-speed drive, communications, seal materials, isolation, minimum flow, spare strategy and access to remove the motor or rotating assembly. The broad family envelope does not disclose the efficiency, power, sound or net positive suction head for a proposed duty. The selected schedule should therefore fix impeller, speed, motor and controls and show operation as data-hall load phases grow. Pipe-mounted installation must be checked for nozzle loads, supports, seismic restraint and maintenance lifting. Site acceptance should verify rotation, vibration, sensor calibration, standby changeover and restart after power loss. Buyers should also require backed-up controller settings and identify whether pump logic or the building system owns pressure reset and staging. → The 4380 is the smaller vertical in-line family beside Armstrong's 4300. Its published envelope reaches 2,500 US gpm, 300 feet of head and 60 hp, with 1.5- to 8-inch connections. Armstrong emphasizes elimination of inertia bases, field alignment and some flexible connectors, but project seismic, vibration and piping-stress requirements still govern. Selection should compare wire-to-water efficiency over the expected load profile, not only full-load pump efficiency. The schedule also needs the motor enclosure, variable-speed drive, communications and seal materials. It should define isolation, minimum flow, spare strategy and access to remove the motor or rotating assembly. The broad family envelope does not disclose the efficiency, power, sound or net positive suction head for a proposed duty. The selected schedule should therefore fix impeller, speed, motor and controls and show operation as data-hall load phases grow. Pipe-mounted installation must be checked for nozzle loads, supports, seismic restraint and maintenance lifting. Site acceptance should verify rotation, vibration, sensor calibration, standby changeover and restart after power loss. Require backed-up controller settings. Assign pressure reset and staging to either the pump logic or the building system.
    • Field updateddescription: EV200H joins a two-way control valve with an ultrasonic flow meter. It also reads supply and return temperature and uses Belimo's energy-control logic. The listed setup works with water or up to 60% glycol. It supports several building-control links. Its 100 gpm nominal flow is a ceiling, not a steady target. Buyers must check valve authority and meter accuracy through the full rack-loop load range. For direct-to-chip use, Belimo asks buyers to work with its data-center team. The design should set fail-safe action, pressure range and sensor location. It should also define glycol correction, saved data, cloud policy and behavior after a network loss. One setup may not fit a server branch, rack, coolant distribution unit (CDU) and plant coil. Each point has a different flow range and failure risk. The controls submittal should name each command and update rate. It should give alarm limits, fallback values and cloud status. Start-up tests should compare shown flow and heat transfer with calibrated tools and the real fluid. Buyers should also cover firmware support, password custody and spare-sensor calibration. A cyber review is needed. Staff must know how to recover local logs after a controller fault. → EV200H joins a two-way control valve with an ultrasonic flow meter. It also reads supply and return temperature and uses Belimo's energy-control logic. The listed setup works with water or up to 60% glycol. It supports several building-control links. Its 100 gpm nominal flow is a ceiling, not a steady target. Check valve authority and meter accuracy through the full rack-loop load range. For direct-to-chip use, Belimo directs customers to its data-center team. The design should set fail-safe action, pressure range and sensor location. It should also define glycol correction, saved data, cloud policy and behavior after a network loss. One setup may not fit a server branch, rack, coolant distribution unit (CDU) and plant coil. Each point has a different flow range and failure risk. The controls submittal should name each command and update rate. It should give alarm limits, fallback values and cloud status. Start-up tests should compare shown flow and heat transfer with calibrated tools and the real fluid. Cover firmware support, password custody and spare-sensor calibration. A cyber review is needed. Staff must know how to recover local logs after a controller fault.
    • Field updateddescription: EP200H is a 100 gpm electronic pressure-independent valve. It holds water flow as system pressure changes. The listed setup allows flow from 25% to 100% of nominal. It accepts up to 60% glycol and works across an 8 to 50 psi pressure difference. This product centers on flow control. It does not have the same built-in heat-meter functions as the Energy Valve. Buyers should check that the lowest real load stays above the control floor. They must then set fail position, actuator power and network type. The plan should also cover glycol setup, shutoff leak rate, service valves and start-up access. Too much pressure still wastes pump power even when flow stays steady. The 25% lower setting may not suit phased racks that need a deeper turn-down. Smaller valves or parallel valves may be needed. The engineer should calculate available pressure in every mode. Pump controls must not fight the valve. Tests should cut actuator power, network links and pressure. They should also check how the unit returns to service. Buyers should name the exact enclosure, fail-safe choice and allowed mounting position. They should list network points, firmware steps and a manual way to isolate or replace the valve. → EP200H is a 100 gpm electronic pressure-independent valve. It holds water flow as system pressure changes. The listed setup allows flow from 25% to 100% of nominal. It accepts up to 60% glycol and works across an 8 to 50 psi pressure difference. Its main function is flow control, without the Energy Valve's built-in heat-meter functions. Check that the lowest real load stays above the control floor. Then set fail position, actuator power and network type. The plan should also cover glycol setup, shutoff leak rate, service valves and start-up access. Too much pressure still wastes pump power even when flow stays steady. The 25% lower setting may not suit phased racks that need a deeper turn-down. Smaller valves or parallel valves may be needed. The engineer should calculate available pressure in every mode. Pump controls must not fight the valve. Tests should cut actuator power, network links and pressure. They should also check how the unit returns to service. Name the exact enclosure, fail-safe choice and allowed mounting position. List network points, firmware steps and a manual way to isolate or replace the valve.
    • Field updateddescription: CP-E-4009-S3XJ is a general thermal-interface plate, not a socket-specific server cold plate. Wieland's drawing shows a 225 by 130 mm body, three thermal-interface zones, 4 mm-tall MDT pin fins with a 0.5 mm channel gap and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. Those dimensions support early mechanical screening, but the source does not publish a heat-load rating, flow, pressure drop, thermal resistance, proof pressure or wetted-material stack for this exact drawing. Buyers should obtain those values under their coolant and inlet-temperature conditions and validate mounting flatness, interface material, clamping load and leak integrity. The drawing also does not establish compatibility with a named CPU, GPU, socket or server warranty. Qualification should use the real heat map and mounting stack, measure temperature uniformity and pressure drop across the expected flow range, and include blocked-flow and pump-restart cases. Materials and joining records should be reviewed against the complete loop to avoid galvanic or coolant-chemistry problems. Procurement should require dimensional inspection, cleanliness, proof and leak-test certificates, traceability and an agreed change-control threshold for pin-fin geometry, port machining or friction-stir-weld parameters. → CP-E-4009-S3XJ is a general thermal-interface plate, not a socket-specific server cold plate. Wieland's drawing shows a 225 by 130 mm body, three thermal-interface zones, 4 mm-tall MDT pin fins with a 0.5 mm channel gap and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. Those dimensions support early mechanical screening. The source does not publish a heat-load rating, flow, pressure drop, thermal resistance, proof pressure or wetted-material stack for this exact drawing. Obtain those values under the proposed coolant and inlet-temperature conditions. Validate mounting flatness, interface material, clamping load and leak integrity. The drawing also does not establish compatibility with a named CPU, GPU, socket or server warranty. Qualification should use the real heat map and mounting stack. It should measure temperature uniformity and pressure drop across the expected flow range and include blocked-flow and pump-restart cases. Review materials and joining records against the complete loop to avoid galvanic or coolant-chemistry problems. Require dimensional inspection, cleanliness, proof and leak-test certificates and traceability. Set a change-control threshold for pin-fin geometry, port machining and friction-stir-weld parameters.
    • Field updateddescription: CP-E-4013-S3XJ is another standard Wieland thermal-interface plate, with a longer footprint and multiple mounting and interface zones. The drawing specifies 20-fins-per-inch MDT pin fins, a 0.5 mm channel gap, 4 mm fin height and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. It does not identify a processor, server or rated wattage, so it should not be represented as a ready-qualified AI cold plate. Procurement should request thermal and hydraulic test data for the proposed heat map, plus wetted materials, coolant limits, proof and burst pressure, joining inspection, flatness, corrosion controls and an agreed cleaning specification. The larger footprint does not by itself indicate greater capacity, because performance depends on where heat enters the plate and how coolant crosses the internal field. A server integration review should confirm mounting-hole use, component clearances, hose loads and service access before a thermal prototype is built. Validation should measure local temperatures, total pressure drop and flow distribution under normal, minimum-flow and blocked-branch conditions. Production approval should define dimensional sampling, leak-test sensitivity, cleanliness, serial traceability and notification requirements for material, machining, weld or internal-geometry changes. → CP-E-4013-S3XJ is another standard Wieland thermal-interface plate, with a longer footprint and multiple mounting and interface zones. The drawing specifies 20-fins-per-inch MDT pin fins, a 0.5 mm channel gap, 4 mm fin height and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. It does not identify a processor, server or rated wattage, so it should not be represented as a ready-qualified AI cold plate. Request thermal and hydraulic test data for the proposed heat map. The package also needs wetted materials, coolant limits, proof and burst pressure, joining inspection and flatness. Add corrosion controls and an agreed cleaning specification. The larger footprint does not by itself indicate greater capacity. Performance depends on where heat enters the plate and how coolant crosses the internal field. A server integration review should confirm mounting-hole use, component clearances, hose loads and service access before a thermal prototype is built. Validation should measure local temperatures, total pressure drop and flow distribution under normal, minimum-flow and blocked-branch conditions. Production approval should define dimensional sampling, leak-test sensitivity, cleanliness and serial traceability. It should require notification of material, machining, weld or internal-geometry changes.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Stäubli says Fujitsu selected CGD metal couplings to connect liquid-cooled blades to Fugaku's chassis and to permit tool-free hot swapping with flush-face, non-spill connections. Its current data-center page reports 400 racks, more than 150,000 processors and 384 connection points per rack. RIKEN independently confirms that development was completed and shared use began on 9 March 2021. The sources establish an operating named system and connector role, but they do not publish coolant chemistry, coupling size, pressure drop, leak history or maintenance replacement rate. Buyers should treat Fugaku as evidence of deployment scale, not as proof that the same connector selection fits a different rack or coolant. The Stäubli story was written while Fugaku was being installed, whereas RIKEN provides the firmer operating milestone; neither source is a connector acceptance report. The public record does not identify the number of coupling pairs in active coolant service versus other reported connection points, the pressure and temperature envelope, the guide mechanism's tolerance, or any leakage events over time. Due diligence should ask Stäubli and Fujitsu for the exact CGD configuration, qualification standard, coolant and material stack, hot-swap procedure, inspection interval, spare strategy and field-return data. A prospective buyer should also reproduce blade insertion and removal with the proposed chassis tolerances and verify pressure drop, residual spill and air inclusion after repeated cycling. Fugaku supports confidence that CGD can be engineered into a very large system; it does not establish an independently measured failure rate or lifecycle cost. → Status: operating. Stäubli says Fujitsu selected CGD metal couplings to connect liquid-cooled blades to Fugaku's chassis and to permit tool-free hot swapping with flush-face, non-spill connections. Its current data-center page reports 400 racks, more than 150,000 processors and 384 connection points per rack. RIKEN independently confirms that development was completed and shared use began on 9 March 2021. The sources establish an operating named system and connector role. They do not publish coolant chemistry, coupling size, pressure drop, leak history or maintenance replacement rate. Fugaku demonstrates deployment scale, not that the same connector selection fits a different rack or coolant. The Stäubli story was written while Fugaku was being installed, whereas RIKEN provides the firmer operating milestone. Neither source is a connector acceptance report. The available evidence does not identify the number of coupling pairs in active coolant service versus other reported connection points. It also omits the pressure and temperature envelope, guide-mechanism tolerance and leakage events over time. Ask Stäubli and Fujitsu for the exact CGD configuration, qualification standard, coolant and material stack and hot-swap procedure. Inspection intervals, spare strategy and field-return data are also needed. Reproduce blade insertion and removal with the proposed chassis tolerances. Verify pressure drop, residual spill and air inclusion after repeated cycling. Fugaku shows that CGD was engineered into a very large system; it does not establish an independently measured failure rate or lifecycle cost.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. USystems and DataBank describe ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers at ATL1 in Georgia Tech's CODA development. The published design point is 50 kW per enclosure with 73°F warm water, with a stated path to 100 kW per rack after limited infrastructure changes. DataBank's current facility page confirms ATL1 remains an operating site hosting Georgia Tech's High-Performance Computing Center and advertises liquid-cooled cabinet capacity. The vendor article's savings claims are not backed by a disclosed measurement protocol, and the installed door count, actual IT load and current water conditions are not public. The record therefore supports the architecture and operating site, not the full claimed efficiency comparison. DataBank's current page lists 7.1 MW of facility critical IT load, but that figure must not be attributed to the ColdLogik subsystem; the cooling source does not state how many racks or megawatts use rear doors. Likewise, the 100 kW statement describes potential after infrastructure changes rather than demonstrated operating rack density. Procurement teams should request current rack counts, door models, supply and return temperatures, water flow, fan power, maintenance history and measured seasonal cooling energy. They should also ask how ATL1 maintains temperatures while a door is open or isolated, how leaks are detected, and whether server-fan settings changed. An operator reference should separate original design targets from present operation and identify any control, hinge, hose or water-quality lessons learned since commissioning. → Status: operating. USystems and DataBank describe ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers at ATL1 in Georgia Tech's CODA development. The published design point is 50 kW per enclosure with 73°F warm water, with a stated path to 100 kW per rack after limited infrastructure changes. DataBank's current facility page confirms ATL1 remains an operating site hosting Georgia Tech's High-Performance Computing Center and advertises liquid-cooled cabinet capacity. The vendor article's savings claims are not backed by a disclosed measurement protocol. The installed door count, actual IT load and current water conditions are also unavailable. The sources support the architecture and operating site, not the full claimed efficiency comparison. DataBank's current page lists 7.1 MW of facility critical IT load, but that figure must not be attributed to the ColdLogik subsystem. The cooling source does not state how many racks or megawatts use rear doors. Likewise, the 100 kW statement describes potential after infrastructure changes rather than demonstrated operating rack density. Request current rack counts, door models, supply and return temperatures, water flow and fan power. Maintenance history and measured seasonal cooling energy are also needed. Ask how ATL1 maintains temperatures while a door is open or isolated, how leaks are detected and whether server-fan settings changed. An operator reference should separate original design targets from present operation and identify any control, hinge, hose or water-quality lessons learned since commissioning.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. The University of Cambridge states that research computing moved into the £20 million West Cambridge Data Centre in 2015. USystems reports that ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers later raised cabinet density from 30 to 44 kW. It also reports that data-hall capacity rose from 900 kW to 1.2 MW. Those figures come from the cooling supplier, not an independent acceptance test. The university does confirm the live site and its ongoing research-computing role. Public sources do not give the current door count or inlet-water temperature. They also omit yearly cooling energy, backup design and whether each hall uses the same system. Buyers should use the reference to seek operator contacts and measured seasonal data. The university history confirms the move and continued use of the site. It does not link the later capacity gain to a given ColdLogik model. The 1.2 MW figure must remain a supplier-reported hall value. It is not a measured IT load or proof that all cabinets run at 44 kW. An operator interview should confirm installed models and counts. It should cover normal and peak rack loads, water temperatures and fan energy. Ask about leaks, service work and changes made after start-up. Buyers should also ask if the growth required plant, pipe or control changes beyond the rear doors. They should learn how cooling stays live during door service. Annual trend data needs a clear electrical boundary. Without it, the reference cannot predict power usage effectiveness (PUE) or operating cost. → Status: operating. The University of Cambridge states that research computing moved into the £20 million West Cambridge Data Centre in 2015. USystems reports that ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers later raised cabinet density from 30 to 44 kW. It also reports that data-hall capacity rose from 900 kW to 1.2 MW. Those figures come from the cooling supplier, not an independent acceptance test. The university does confirm the live site and its ongoing research-computing role. Available sources do not give the current door count or inlet-water temperature. They also omit yearly cooling energy, backup design and whether each hall uses the same system. Use the reference to seek operator contacts and measured seasonal data. The university history confirms the move and continued use of the site. It does not link the later capacity gain to a given ColdLogik model. The 1.2 MW figure must remain a supplier-reported hall value. It is not a measured IT load or proof that all cabinets run at 44 kW. An operator interview should confirm installed models and counts. It should cover normal and peak rack loads, water temperatures and fan energy. Ask about leaks, service work and changes made after start-up. Confirm whether the growth required plant, pipe or control changes beyond the rear doors. Determine how cooling stays live during door service. Annual trend data needs a clear electrical boundary. Without it, the reference cannot predict power usage effectiveness (PUE) or operating cost.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Grundfos reports that NorthC, installer Hamer and Grundfos developed a MIXIT proof of concept for direct chip cooling beginning in 2021 and delivered it in mid-2022. The case says water circulates through chip-mounted cooling blocks and that MIXIT responds to rapid temperature changes; a customer quotation states that the system was still running reliably nearly three years later. NorthC independently confirms that its High Tech Campus site supports liquid cooling and exchanges waste heat and cold water through a campus ring. The public record does not identify server models, installed thermal capacity, rack density, loop temperatures, pump energy or measured heat recovery. The deployment demonstrates control integration, not a quantified whole-site efficiency result. The June 2022 date in this record represents the reported mid-2022 delivery period; the cited sources do not publish a precise commissioning day. MIXIT's exact configuration, valve size, sensors, controlled variable and relationship to pumps or a coolant distribution unit (CDU) are also undisclosed. Procurement teams should ask NorthC or Hamer for a loop diagram, control sequence, temperature and flow trends, alarm history, maintenance interventions and behavior during server or network changes. They should distinguish heat made available to the campus ring from heat actually reused by a customer and quantify backup rejection when campus demand is absent. Evidence that would strengthen the record includes a named server platform, installed kilowatts, measured pump and cooling energy, water temperatures, uptime and acceptance criteria. Until then, capacity and rack density correctly remain not publicly disclosed. → Status: operating. Grundfos reports that NorthC, installer Hamer and Grundfos developed a MIXIT proof of concept for direct chip cooling beginning in 2021 and delivered it in mid-2022. The case says water circulates through chip-mounted cooling blocks and that MIXIT responds to rapid temperature changes. A customer quotation states that the system was still running reliably nearly three years later. NorthC independently confirms that its High Tech Campus site supports liquid cooling and exchanges waste heat and cold water through a campus ring. The sources do not identify server models, installed thermal capacity, rack density, loop temperatures, pump energy or measured heat recovery. The deployment demonstrates control integration, not a quantified whole-site efficiency result. The June 2022 date reflects the reported mid-2022 delivery period; the sources give no precise commissioning day. MIXIT's exact configuration, valve size, sensors and controlled variable are also undisclosed. Its relationship to pumps or a coolant distribution unit (CDU) is unknown. Ask NorthC or Hamer for a loop diagram, control sequence and temperature and flow trends. Alarm history, maintenance interventions and behavior during server or network changes are also needed. Distinguish heat made available to the campus ring from heat actually reused by a customer. Quantify backup rejection when campus demand is absent. A named server platform, installed kilowatts, measured pump and cooling energy, water temperatures, uptime and acceptance criteria would add useful evidence. Until then, capacity and rack density remain not publicly disclosed.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Armstrong reported in September 2016 that it supplied off-site-manufactured, integrated chilled-water plant rooms for the second phase of HKG10, then a Digital Realty and CenturyLink joint venture. The packages were assembled and tested at Armstrong's Halesowen factory and used variable-primary distribution. Digital Realty's current HKG10 page confirms the facility is operating at 33 Chun Choi Street with N+1 cooling, although it does not identify the plant supplier. Public sources do not disclose pump models, plant tonnage, measured efficiency, water use, commissioning results or how much of today's facility remains served by the 2016 packages. The record supports a real delivered plant reference, with performance claims still supplier reported. Digital Realty's current N+1 statement describes the facility today but does not establish the redundancy arrangement of each 2016 package or prove that the original plant remains unchanged. Armstrong's article describes factory integration and testing without publishing the test schedule, witnessed results, controls architecture or post-commissioning energy data. A buyer evaluating packaged plant should request the original and current equipment schedules, package boundaries, design water temperatures, pump curves, staging logic, failure tests, transport splits and site reconnection work. Reference questions should cover factory-versus-field defects, commissioning duration, spare parts, controls updates and service response in Hong Kong. Measured annual chiller, pump and heat-rejection energy under local weather would be needed before using this project as an efficiency benchmark; no such dataset appears in the cited public sources. → Status: operating. Armstrong reported in September 2016 that it supplied off-site-manufactured, integrated chilled-water plant rooms for the second phase of HKG10, then a Digital Realty and CenturyLink joint venture. The packages were assembled and tested at Armstrong's Halesowen factory and used variable-primary distribution. Digital Realty's current HKG10 page confirms the facility is operating at 33 Chun Choi Street with N+1 cooling, although it does not identify the plant supplier. Available sources do not disclose pump models, plant tonnage, measured efficiency, water use or commissioning results. They also do not show how much of today's facility remains served by the 2016 packages. The evidence supports a delivered plant reference, while performance claims remain supplier reported. Digital Realty's current N+1 statement describes the facility today. It does not establish the redundancy arrangement of each 2016 package or prove that the original plant remains unchanged. Armstrong's article describes factory integration and testing without publishing the test schedule, witnessed results, controls architecture or post-commissioning energy data. Request the original and current equipment schedules, package boundaries, design water temperatures and pump curves. Staging logic, failure tests, transport splits and site reconnection work also need review. Reference questions should cover factory-versus-field defects, commissioning duration, spare parts, controls updates and service response in Hong Kong. Measured annual chiller, pump and heat-rejection energy under local weather would be needed before using this project as an efficiency benchmark. No such dataset appears in the cited sources.
    • Field updateddescription: Castrol brings lubricant formulation, materials testing, fluid handling, and a global supply organization to data-center cooling. Its current Castrol ON range includes synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric fluids for single-phase immersion and a separate PG 25 fluid for direct liquid cooling. This batch links only the two immersion products for which Castrol publishes direct product data. The product sheets provide useful baseline properties, but typical values are not acceptance limits and do not establish compatibility with a particular server, tank, seal, cable, or warranty. Castrol also operates an immersion research installation at its Pangbourne headquarters with Hypertec servers and Submer tanks. That is a development environment, not evidence of a production customer fleet. Buyers should require the current regional safety data sheet, batch certificate, approved-material list, fire and spill plan, storage conditions, filtration and sampling limits, end-of-life route, and written approval from the tank and server suppliers. Public sources do not disclose delivered pricing, installed fleet size, fluid life in production, or independent long-duration reliability. A request for quotation should lock the exact DC 15 or DC 20 formulation and revision rather than permit an unspecified Castrol ON substitute. It should also identify who owns fluid analysis after commissioning, what measured change triggers filtration or replacement, how replacement fluid will be sourced in the operating region, and whether the tank warranty remains valid after top-ups from later production batches. → Castrol brings lubricant formulation, materials testing, fluid handling, and a global supply organization to data-center cooling. Its current Castrol ON range includes synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric fluids for single-phase immersion and a separate PG 25 fluid for direct liquid cooling. The two immersion products covered here have direct product data from Castrol. Their published properties provide a baseline, but typical values are not acceptance limits. They also do not establish compatibility with a particular server, tank, seal, cable, or warranty. Castrol operates an immersion research installation at its Pangbourne headquarters with Hypertec servers and Submer tanks. That site is a development environment, not evidence of a production customer fleet. A complete fluid submittal needs the current regional safety data sheet, batch certificate, approved-material list, fire and spill plan, storage conditions, filtration and sampling limits, end-of-life route, and written approval from the tank and server suppliers. Delivered pricing, installed fleet size, fluid life in production, and independent long-duration reliability are not disclosed. The request for quotation should lock the exact DC 15 or DC 20 formulation and revision rather than permit an unspecified Castrol ON substitute. It also needs to assign ownership of fluid analysis after commissioning, define measured triggers for filtration or replacement, confirm replacement-fluid supply in the operating region, and state whether top-ups from later production batches preserve the tank warranty.
    • Field updateddescription: Valvoline Global Operations has moved its fluid work into data-center cooling. It sells these products under the Beyond by Valvoline name. The cited range has two different fluids. HTF-DE1 is a dielectric fluid for immersion. PG25 Advanced serves direct-to-chip and heat-exchange loops. Valvoline also reports an 18-month test with Iceotope hardware. The test used HPE servers and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. It proves one fluid and hardware mix. Its 5.2 kW load does not prove rack-scale capacity. It also does not qualify other servers or materials. Product supply varies by region. The public page omits the full chemistry and inhibitor pack. It also omits service life, dose tolerance, and a full list of approved wet materials. Buyers need current product and safety sheets. They need fluid limits, fill steps, and sample steps. The bid should include material approvals, warranty terms, dirt limits, fixes, storage life, and the final waste route. The company is an Aramco affiliate. It is not the public Valvoline retail business. HTF-DE1 and PG25 Advanced serve different cooling designs. They should not share one fluid rule, sample limit, or spill plan. Buyers must name the Valvoline legal entity that supplies each fluid. They should state where sealed baseline samples will be held. Lab review may or may not be part of the sale, so the contract must say. It must also divide action after a bad result among Valvoline, the cooling vendor, and the server maker. → Valvoline Global Operations has moved its fluid work into data-center cooling under the Beyond by Valvoline name. The range includes two fluids with different duties. HTF-DE1 is a dielectric fluid for immersion, while PG25 Advanced serves direct-to-chip and heat-exchange loops. Valvoline reports an 18-month test with Iceotope hardware, HPE servers, and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. That test documents one fluid and hardware combination. Its 5.2 kW load does not demonstrate rack-scale capacity or qualify other servers and materials. Product supply varies by region. The available page omits the full chemistry, inhibitor package, service life, dose tolerance, and a complete list of approved wetted materials. A complete submittal needs current product and safety sheets, fluid limits, fill and sampling procedures, material approvals, warranty terms, contamination limits, corrective actions, storage life, and the final waste route. Valvoline Global Operations is an Aramco affiliate, separate from the public Valvoline retail business. HTF-DE1 and PG25 Advanced serve different cooling designs and cannot share one fluid specification, sampling limit, or spill procedure. The contract must name the Valvoline legal entity supplying each fluid and the location for sealed baseline samples. It also needs to state whether laboratory interpretation is included and divide responsibility for an out-of-limit result among Valvoline, the cooling-system vendor, and the server manufacturer.
    • Field updateddescription: Ecolab, through Nalco Water, supplies chemistry and controls for cooling water. It also offers monitoring, remote support, and field service. Its data-center work spans open towers, adiabatic heat rejection, and direct-to-chip loops. The linked products cover the facility-water side. 3D TRASAR Cooling Water joins chemistry with monitoring for towers and chillers. The adiabatic program adds conductivity and flow checks for each unit. It also adds central dosing, alarms, and digital records. Ecolab owns CoolIT Systems. This record covers Ecolab's water service, not CoolIT's cooling hardware. Buyers need one water specification that all equipment vendors accept. It should set limits for pH, conductivity, chlorides, hardness, corrosion, microbes, and suspended solids. It should also name sample methods and alarm limits. The contract must say who may dose or drain the system. Supplier-reported savings are not a project guarantee. Results depend on source water, metals, heat flux, tower cycles, weather, and sound operating practice. Public pages give no standard chemical formula or installed price. They also omit sensor calibration terms, data retention, and service response times. Open towers, adiabatic media, and closed technology loops have different risks and warranty limits. One master agreement must keep those programs distinct. It should name the approved lab methods and baseline samples. It should set report timing and data export rules. It should list escalation contacts, site visits, and consumable supply. It must also name who may change dose or blowdown settings. → Ecolab, through Nalco Water, supplies chemistry, controls, monitoring, remote support, and field service for cooling water. Its data-center work spans open towers, adiabatic heat rejection, and direct-to-chip loops. The products covered here sit on the facility-water side. 3D TRASAR Cooling Water combines chemistry with monitoring for towers and chillers. The adiabatic program adds conductivity and flow checks for each unit, along with central dosing, alarms, and digital records. Ecolab also owns CoolIT Systems, but this profile concerns Ecolab's water service rather than CoolIT cooling hardware. Projects need one water specification accepted by every equipment vendor. It should set limits for pH, conductivity, chlorides, hardness, corrosion, microbes, and suspended solids, with named sample methods and alarm limits. The contract must identify who may dose or drain the system. Supplier-reported savings are not a project guarantee; results depend on source water, metals, heat flux, tower cycles, weather, and operating practice. Available pages give no standard chemical formula, installed price, sensor calibration terms, data-retention period, or service response time. Open towers, adiabatic media, and closed technology loops have different risks and warranty limits. A master agreement must keep the programs distinct while naming approved laboratory methods, baseline samples, report timing, data-export rules, escalation contacts, site visits, and consumable supply. Authority to change dose or blowdown settings also needs a named owner.
    • Field updateddescription: Xylem supplies the pumps and controls that move facility water through chilled-water, cooling-tower, heat-recovery, and some liquid-cooling interfaces. Its data-center brochure identifies Bell & Gossett end-suction and inline pumps, Goulds Water Technology multistage pumps, and hydrovar X smart-motor packages. The linked e-1510X and e-SV records represent two different duties: high-flow circulation and higher-head multistage service. Neither model number is a complete selection. A buyer must provide the actual flow, system curve, fluid and glycol concentration, temperature range, suction conditions, elevation, materials, redundancy philosophy, electrical service, controls, and expected turndown. Pump efficiency at the design point is not enough; phased data halls can operate at low load for years, and a standby pump only protects service if valves, power, controls, and automatic changeover are tested. Xylem publishes a named NREL deployment involving Bell & Gossett pumps and warm-water heat recovery. It does not disclose fleet-wide failure rates or guarantee that the same arrangement fits a direct-to-chip technology loop. Current headquarters information is taken from Xylem's 2025 annual report. A complete bid should identify the selected impeller, motor, seal, coating, drive, sensors, and control firmware rather than cite only a pump family. Buyers should require certified curves with the project operating points marked, witness or documented factory testing where appropriate, minimum continuous flow, spare rotating assemblies or drive strategy, and efficiency evidence at the expected first-phase as well as ultimate load. → Xylem supplies pumps and controls for chilled-water, cooling-tower, heat-recovery, and some liquid-cooling interfaces. Its data-center brochure identifies Bell & Gossett end-suction and inline pumps, Goulds Water Technology multistage pumps, and hydrovar X smart-motor packages. The e-1510X and e-SV serve different duties: high-flow circulation and higher-head multistage service. Neither family name constitutes a complete selection. Pump selection requires the actual flow, system curve, fluid and glycol concentration, temperature range, suction conditions, elevation, materials, redundancy philosophy, electrical service, controls, and expected turndown. Design-point efficiency alone is insufficient. Phased data halls can run at low load for years, and a standby pump protects service only when valves, power, controls, and automatic changeover have been tested. Xylem publishes a named National Renewable Energy Laboratory deployment involving Bell & Gossett pumps and warm-water heat recovery. It does not disclose fleet-wide failure rates or establish that the same arrangement fits a direct-to-chip technology loop. Current headquarters information comes from Xylem's 2025 annual report. A complete bid identifies the selected impeller, motor, seal, coating, drive, sensors, and control firmware instead of citing only a pump family. Certified curves should mark the project operating points. The package also needs suitable factory-test evidence, minimum continuous flow, a spare rotating-assembly or drive strategy, and efficiency data at expected first-phase and ultimate loads.
    • Field updateddescription: Siemens supplies power and building controls for data centers. It also sells fire, security, and cooling systems through Smart Infrastructure. This record covers two control layers. Desigo PXC4 is a set of programmable building controllers. White Space Cooling Optimization uses many temperature sensors and forecast software. It adjusts room cooling to the information-technology load. The products have different jobs. PXC4 runs plant and equipment steps. White Space Cooling Optimization maps air flow and guides room cooling. Siemens has a named Novva Data Centers case in Colorado Springs. Desigo PXC controllers use a flat design there. They control chillers, towers, pumps, and fans. Siemens reports no cooling downtime for a year and a half. It also reports large power savings. The work included new wires, new control code, and a wider cooling change. The controller alone did not create every result. Buyers need a full point list and sequence. They need a fault plan and a safe local mode. The design should cover sensor checks, networks, access, software, cloud terms, patches, and trend storage. Tests should cut power and links. They should also inject bad sensor values and fast compute-load changes. Public sources omit Novva's information-technology capacity and controller count. They also omit price and an outside audit. Local safety logic must remain distinct from high-level control. The contract must state what runs without a Siemens server, cloud service, or wide-area link. Buyers also need editable logic, current backups, a rollback plan, license terms, and clear ownership of third-party equipment links. → Siemens supplies power and building controls for data centers. Smart Infrastructure also sells fire, security, and cooling systems. Two control layers matter here. Desigo PXC4 is a family of programmable building controllers. White Space Cooling Optimization uses temperature sensors and forecast software to match room cooling with information-technology load. PXC4 runs plant and equipment sequences. White Space Cooling Optimization maps airflow and guides room cooling. Siemens describes a Novva Data Centers site in Colorado Springs. Desigo PXC controllers use a flat layout across chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and fans. Siemens reports no cooling downtime for a year and a half and large energy savings. The work also included new wiring, new control code, and a wider cooling change. The controller cannot receive sole credit. A control submittal needs a full point list and sequence of operation. It also needs a fault matrix and a safe local mode. Sensor calibration, network design, access controls, software terms, cloud terms, patch duties, and trend storage must be clear. Tests should cover loss of power and links, bad sensor values, and fast compute-load changes. Novva's information-technology capacity, controller count, project price, and an outside audit are not disclosed. Local safety logic must stay separate from supervisory optimization. The contract must list the functions that run without a Siemens server, cloud service, or wide-area link. It also needs editable logic, current backups, rollback steps, license terms, and clear ownership of links to third-party equipment.
    • Field updateddescription: Pall Corporation makes filters and separation equipment for many industrial markets. The two linked records can serve facility water. Pall lists cooling water and treatment before reverse osmosis as uses. Its public pages do not qualify these products for a technology cooling loop. Ultipleat High Flow housings handle large flows. Profile UP cartridges offer many particle-removal grades. A generic cooling-water rating is not enough for a cold-plate loop. Buyers need the filter efficiency and its test basis. They need dirt capacity and clean pressure drop. They also need the final pressure drop, bypass action, collapse limit, seal data, extractables, and fluid fit. The smallest protected channel sets a key limit. The design must define filtration during the first flush. It must then state whether the permanent filter is full flow or side stream. Isolation, pressure alarms, safe element changes, spare stock, and waste handling also need clear plans. Pall gives detailed build and flow data. It gives no cited data-center deployment or server-loop test. Installed price and field service life are also unknown. Pall is a Danaher subsidiary. Buyers should confirm local supply and the exact build. The housing, cartridge, seal, and fluid must qualify as one set. A replacement that merely fits is not proven. Temporary debris removal is not the same as long-term polishing. The bid should state when bypass is allowed. It should show pressure loss with a clean and a loaded filter. The change method must keep dirt off the clean side near live cooling loads. → Pall Corporation makes filters and separation equipment for many industrial markets. The Ultipleat High Flow housing and Profile UP cartridge can serve facility water; Pall lists cooling water and treatment before reverse osmosis among their uses. Its available pages do not qualify either product for a technology cooling loop. Ultipleat High Flow housings handle large flows, while Profile UP cartridges offer multiple particle-removal grades. A generic cooling-water rating is not enough for a cold-plate loop. Selection depends on filter efficiency and its test basis, dirt capacity, clean and terminal differential pressure, bypass action, collapse limit, seal data, extractables, and fluid compatibility. The smallest protected channel sets a critical limit. Filtration during the first flush must be defined separately from permanent full-flow or side-stream duty. Isolation, differential-pressure alarms, safe element changes, spare stock, and waste handling also need clear plans. Pall publishes detailed construction and flow data but no cited data-center deployment, server-loop test, installed price, or field service life. Pall is a Danaher subsidiary. Local supply and the exact construction need confirmation. Housing, cartridge, seal, and fluid must qualify as one assembly; a replacement that merely fits is not proven. Temporary debris removal is also different from long-term polishing. The bid should state when bypass is permitted, show pressure loss with clean and loaded filters, and provide a change method that keeps contamination off the clean side near live cooling loads.
    • Field updateddescription: Veolia Water Technologies supplies water-treatment equipment, chemicals, controls, and digital monitoring. It also offers operating services. Its data-center material covers source water and open cooling loops. It also covers water recovery and reuse. E.C.O.Film uses chemistry with no phosphorus to control scale and rust. The TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller checks pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and conductivity. It can also check chemical levels in supported programs. An Illinois case reports more tower cycles and less water use. The work added pH control, acid feed, remote checks, and alarms. Veolia reports the result, and the operator is not named. The case does not isolate the controller from the full treatment plan. Buyers need a water balance and a chemistry model. They need a review of all wet materials. The bid should show dosing, storage, spill control, samples, calibration, and alarm response. It also needs cyber terms, data rights, discharge review, and clear acceptance tests. The buyer should identify the actual contracting party. It may be Veolia Water Technologies, Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions, or a local affiliate. Public sources omit site capacity, city, contract value, and an outside audit. The proposal should name the Veolia entity that ships each chemical. It should say who owns controller settings and reads alarms. It should name who comes to site after a bad result. The bid must state the modeled starting water and the allowed quality range. It should set a baseline period and a test period. Data export, supplies, lab methods, and acid safety must be clear. The contract also needs a remedy if treatment misses its targets while cooling must stay online. → Veolia Water Technologies supplies water-treatment equipment, chemicals, controls, digital monitoring, and operating services. Its data-center material covers source water and open cooling loops. It also covers water recovery and reuse. E.C.O.Film uses chemistry without phosphorus to control scale and corrosion. The TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller measures pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and conductivity. Supported programs can also track chemical levels. An Illinois case reports higher tower cycles and lower water use after pH control, acid feed, remote checks, and alarms were added. Veolia reports the result, and the operator is not named. The case does not separate the controller's role from the full treatment program. A sound proposal needs a water balance, a chemistry model, and a review of all wetted materials. The scope should cover dosing, storage, spill control, sampling, calibration, alarm response, cyber terms, data rights, discharge review, and acceptance tests. The actual contracting party may be Veolia Water Technologies, Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions, or a local affiliate. The agreement must name it. Site capacity, city, contract value, and an outside audit are not disclosed. The proposal should name the Veolia entity that ships each chemical. It should assign the controller settings, alarm review, and response to an out-of-limit result. Source-water assumptions and the allowed quality range must be clear. So must the baseline, test period, data export, supplies, laboratory methods, acid safety, and remedy if treatment misses its targets while cooling stays online.
    • Field updateddescription: DC 15 is a synthetic hydrocarbon fluid that does not conduct power. It is made for single-phase immersion of electrical equipment. Castrol lists typical density, heat capacity, heat transfer, breakdown voltage, pour point, and particle count at fill. These are fluid facts. They do not prove server fit or tank capacity. A fluid with lower drag may need less pump work. The tank, flow path, temperature rise, heat exchanger, and server shape still set useful output. Castrol calls the listed values typical. They may change. Buyers need the current local product sheet, safety sheet, and batch record. Every cable, label, plug, seal, rubber part, thermal material, drive, and server warranty needs a check. The test must use the planned time and heat. The operating plan should set filter, water, and particle limits. It should state sample timing and signs of fluid aging. It also needs top-up rules, spill response, fire protection, lifting, draining, storage life, and final recovery. Public sources give no standard service life or tank size. They give no approved-server list or price. Qualification should retain a sealed sample from the delivered batch. Baseline tests should use the same lab methods planned for service. Buyers should ask why DC 15 fits better than DC 20 for this tank and temperature. The tank vendor should state how much property drift is safe. It should also set limits for replacement volume. The warranty response after dirt or an urgent fluid transfer must be clear. → DC 15 is a synthetic hydrocarbon dielectric fluid for single-phase immersion. It is made for electrical and electronic equipment. Castrol lists typical density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, breakdown voltage, pour point, and particle cleanliness at fill. Those values describe the fluid. They do not prove server compatibility or tank capacity. Lower viscosity may reduce pump work. Tank design, flow distribution, temperature rise, heat exchanger choice, and server shape still set thermal performance. Castrol calls the published values typical, and they may change. Qualification needs the current regional product data sheet, safety data sheet, and batch certificate. Every cable, label, connector, seal, elastomer, thermal-interface material, storage device, and server warranty needs a check. Testing should use the planned exposure time and temperature. Operating limits must cover filtration, moisture, particles, sample timing, and signs of oxidation. The plan also needs top-up rules, spill response, fire protection, lifting, draining, storage life, and end-of-life recovery. No standard service life, tank capacity, approved-server list, or delivered price is disclosed. The delivered batch should have a sealed sample and baseline test results. Those tests should use the same laboratory methods planned for operation. The selection basis must explain why DC 15 fits the tank and temperature range better than DC 20. The tank supplier must set safe property drift, replacement-volume limits, and warranty treatment after contamination or an emergency fluid transfer.
    • Field updateddescription: DC 20 is Castrol's synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric coolant for single-phase immersion. Its product sheet reports typical density of 797 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity of 5.1 mm²/s at 40°C, dielectric strength above 14 kV/mm, specific heat of 2.08 kJ/kg·K, and thermal conductivity of 0.135 W/m·K. Those values help model pumping and heat transfer, but they do not establish the capacity of an immersion tank or the lifetime of electronics. Castrol reports that Submer tested DC 20 and approved it across Submer equipment; that approval should be confirmed for the exact tank, region, warranty, and current fluid revision. Buyers should compare candidate fluids at the same temperatures, flow, heat load, contamination state, and safety boundary. Required due diligence includes the latest safety sheet, flash and fire controls, material and server compatibility, batch quality, moisture and particle limits, oxidation monitoring, filtration, storage, spill procedures, fluid top-up, recovery, and disposal. The cited sheet does not disclose price, a guaranteed service interval, or independent production-fleet results. The Submer statement should be converted into project documentation naming the supported tank models, fluid revision, operating limits, and warranty owner. Acceptance should record delivered quantity, batch identity, cleanliness, moisture and electrical properties before servers enter the bath, with sealed baseline samples retained. Procurement should also define whether used fluid can be reclaimed, where it may be shipped, and who bears replacement and downtime costs after an out-of-limit result. → DC 20 is Castrol's synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric coolant for single-phase immersion. Its product sheet reports typical density of 797 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity of 5.1 mm²/s at 40°C, dielectric strength above 14 kV/mm, specific heat of 2.08 kJ/kg·K, and thermal conductivity of 0.135 W/m·K. Those values support pumping and heat-transfer calculations, but they do not establish immersion-tank capacity or electronics life. Castrol reports that Submer tested DC 20 and approved it across Submer equipment. Project documentation still needs to confirm the exact tank, region, warranty, and current fluid revision. Candidate fluids should be compared at the same temperatures, flow, heat load, contamination state, and safety boundary. Due diligence covers the latest safety data sheet, flash and fire controls, material and server compatibility, batch quality, moisture and particle limits, oxidation monitoring, filtration, storage, spill procedures, top-up, recovery, and disposal. The cited sheet gives no price, guaranteed service interval, or independent production-fleet results. Submer's general approval should become a project-specific document naming supported tank models, fluid revision, operating limits, and warranty owner. Acceptance records should capture delivered quantity, batch identity, cleanliness, moisture, and electrical properties before servers enter the bath, with sealed baseline samples retained. The contract also needs to define whether used fluid can be reclaimed, where it may be shipped, and who bears replacement and downtime costs after an out-of-limit result.
    • Field updateddescription: HTF-DE1 is a Valvoline dielectric fluid for immersion cooling. The best public evidence is an 18-month Iceotope test. It used HPE DL380 servers and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. The stated test load was 5.2 kW. Valvoline reports steady viscosity. It says dielectric strength stayed above the Open Compute Project minimum. A later inspection found no rust or material damage. This is useful proof for the named setup. It is not a rack-scale capacity test. It does not approve all other hardware. The public page omits the full formula. It also omits density, viscosity, heat transfer, flash point, pour point, water limit, particle limit, and service-life rules. Current product and safety sheets must fill those gaps. The project also needs its own test plan. Server and cooling vendors should approve the fluid in writing. Buyers must set sample limits and actions. All wet and immersed materials need tests. The plan should cover filters, storage, spills, fire, top-ups, recovery, and waste. Supply varies by region. The case summary omits sample timing and fluid temperature history. It does not list dirt events, server duty, or inspection pass limits. A production test should copy the planned heat, materials, service work, and peak temperature. It should set baseline and alarm values with named methods. The contract must say whether Valvoline or Iceotope reads samples. It must name who can order continued use, filtration, partial replacement, or shutdown. → HTF-DE1 is a Valvoline dielectric fluid for immersion cooling. Its strongest published support is an 18-month Iceotope test using HPE DL380 servers, NVIDIA A40 graphics processors, and a stated 5.2 kW load. Valvoline reports stable viscosity, dielectric strength above the Open Compute Project minimum, and no corrosion or material damage during the final inspection. The result applies to that fluid and hardware combination. It is neither a rack-scale capacity test nor approval for other hardware. The product page omits the complete formulation, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, flash point, pour point, moisture limit, particle limit, and service-life criteria. Current product and safety data sheets must resolve those gaps. Project qualification also needs written approval from the server and cooling-system suppliers, defined sample limits and corrective actions, and testing of all wetted and immersed materials. Filtration, storage, spill response, fire protection, top-ups, recovery, and disposal need operating procedures. Supply varies by region. The case summary does not disclose sampling frequency, fluid temperature history, contamination events, server duty cycle, or forensic acceptance criteria. A production test should reproduce the planned heat load, materials, maintenance exposure, and maximum temperature, then establish baseline and alarm values with named methods. The contract must assign sample interpretation to Valvoline, Iceotope, or another named party and identify who can order continued operation, filtration, partial replacement, or shutdown.
    • Field updateddescription: PG25 Advanced is in Valvoline Global's high-performance-computing range. It serves direct-to-chip and heat-exchange loops. It has a different job from dielectric immersion fluid. It moves through a closed loop. It must fit the cold plates, pipes, pumps, filters, plugs, heat exchangers, seals, and metals in that loop. The public pages do not state the exact glycol level despite the name. They also omit the inhibitor chemistry and fill-water rule. Freeze protection, density, viscosity, heat capacity, conductivity, pH, rust limits, and approved materials are unknown. A current local data sheet must supply those facts. Every equipment vendor must approve the fluid. Buyers should compare fluids at the same dose and temperature. Glycol changes heat capacity, flow drag, pressure loss, pump power, and cooling output. The bid also needs fill-cleanliness rules and sample methods. It should set alert and action limits. Top-up rules, mixing bans, leak response, storage life, fluid checks, and waste handling must be clear. Valvoline says supply varies by region. The submittal should give properties across the full temperature range. One room-temperature value is not enough for pump or heat-exchanger sizing. Buyers need a written list of approved metals, rubber parts, hoses, plugs, cold plates, and treatment additions. The fill-water type must be named. No field dilution or mixing should occur without approval from the vendors that own the affected warranties. → PG25 Advanced is part of Valvoline Global's high-performance-computing range. It serves direct-to-chip and heat-exchange loops. Unlike dielectric immersion fluid, it moves through a closed loop. The fluid must be compatible with cold plates, manifolds, pumps, filters, couplings, heat exchangers, seals, and every metal in the circuit. The published pages do not state the exact glycol concentration despite the name. The inhibitor chemistry and fill-water specification are also unknown. So are freeze protection, density, viscosity, heat capacity, conductivity, pH range, corrosion limits, and approved materials. A current regional technical data sheet must supply those details. Every equipment vendor must approve the fluid. Comparisons must use the same concentration and operating temperature. Glycol content changes heat capacity, viscosity, pressure loss, pump power, and usable cooling capacity. The bid also needs fill-cleanliness criteria and sample methods. Alert and action limits, top-up rules, mixed-fluid limits, leak response, storage life, condition monitoring, and disposal must be clear. Valvoline says supply varies by region. Pump and heat-exchanger sizing needs properties across the full operating-temperature range. One room-temperature value is not enough. A written compatibility list should cover metals, elastomers, hoses, couplings, cold plates, and treatment additions. The fill-water type must be named. Field dilution or mixing should be barred unless the vendors holding the affected warranties approve the work.
    • Field updateddescription: 3D TRASAR Cooling Water Technology is an Ecolab Nalco Water program. It manages scale, rust, microbes, water use, and cooling assets. It is not one fixed device or chemical. It joins site-selected chemistry with sensors, controls, alarms, analysis, and service. The bid must name the exact chemistry and each instrument. It must show sample points and the alarm service. It should list field visits, performance limits, and operator duties. Ecolab has a data-center case for the program. Tower cycles rose from 1.8 to 3.3. Ecolab also reports yearly water and power savings. The operator is not named. The result covers acid feed, inhibitor chemistry, PORTA-FEED delivery, and remote service. It is not a test of the controller alone. Buyers should test the model against changes in source water. They should review metals, temperatures, discharge limits, tower hygiene, and chiller warranties. The public page gives no standard sensor accuracy or calibration interval. It also omits the chemical dose, service term, cyber design, and guaranteed savings. Acceptance must separate controller uptime from water results. It should set limits for rust, deposits, microbes, conductivity, and water use. Each limit needs a named test method. The contract should state which alarms Ecolab watches at all times. It should set response times and the escalation path. It must say who may change control limits. Local staff need a safe plan for a service outage. Raw sensor and lab data should remain available after the service ends. → 3D TRASAR Cooling Water Technology is an Ecolab Nalco Water program for scale, corrosion, microbes, water use, and cooling assets. It is not one fixed device or chemical. The program combines site-selected chemistry with sensors, controls, alarms, analysis, and service. A bid must name the exact chemistry, instruments, sample points, alarm service, field visits, performance limits, and operator duties. Ecolab describes a data-center installation where tower cycles rose from 1.8 to 3.3, along with reported annual water and energy savings. The operator is not named. The result covers acid feed, inhibitor chemistry, PORTA-FEED delivery, and remote service rather than the controller alone. The treatment model should be tested against changes in source water, metals, temperatures, discharge limits, tower hygiene, and chiller warranties. The product page gives no standard sensor accuracy or calibration interval and omits chemical dose, service term, cyber design, and guaranteed savings. Acceptance must separate controller uptime from water-quality results. Limits for corrosion, deposits, microbes, conductivity, and water use each need a named test method. The contract should identify the alarms Ecolab monitors continuously, response times, escalation paths, and authority to change control limits. Local staff need a safe operating plan for a service outage. Raw sensor and laboratory data should remain available after the service ends.
    • Field updateddescription: 3D TRASAR for Adiabatic Cooling treats water used by adiabatic heat-rejection gear. Ecolab says the program includes controllers and flow meters. It also includes a conductivity probe that Ecolab calls maintenance-free. Each adiabatic unit can be checked on its own. The program adds central chemical dose, blowdown control, reports, digital logs, and round-the-clock alarm care. These tools can show poor wetting or a shift in water quality. Early notice may help prevent deposits from cutting cooling output. The program still needs a full water design. Buyers should define source water and make-up water. They should set peak daily use and concentration limits. Chemistry must fit the nozzles, media, basins, coils, and coatings. The plan needs freeze, drain, and restart steps. It may also need controls for legionella. Sample methods, calibration, alarms, and manual control must be clear. The site needs a safe mode after network loss. Data rights and the site response owner must be named. The public page omits sensor range and accuracy. It also omits protocols, chemical names, dose rates, cyber details, service terms, and a named site. A project submittal must fill those gaps. Site tests should cover peak days and low flow. They should cover failed flow or conductivity signals. Tests should also stop chemical feed and remote links. The equipment maker must approve the chemistry. Ecolab should state sample points, calibration checks, alarm ownership, supplies, and warranty records. → 3D TRASAR for Adiabatic Cooling treats water used by adiabatic heat-rejection equipment. Ecolab says the program includes controllers, flow meters, and a conductivity probe described as maintenance-free. Each adiabatic unit can be monitored separately. Central chemical dosing, blowdown control, reports, digital logs, and continuous alarm support complete the program. These tools can expose poor wetting or changing water quality before deposits reduce cooling output. They do not replace a complete water design. The specification must define source and make-up water, peak daily use, and concentration limits. Chemistry must be compatible with nozzles, media, basins, coils, and coatings. Freeze, drain, restart, and any required legionella controls belong in the operating plan. Sample methods, calibration, alarms, manual control, and a safe mode after network loss must be clear. Data rights and the site response owner also need to be named. The product page omits sensor range and accuracy, protocols, chemical names, dose rates, cyber details, service terms, and a named site. A project submittal must provide those details. Site testing should cover peak days, low flow, failed flow or conductivity signals, stopped chemical feed, and lost remote links. The equipment manufacturer must approve the chemistry. Ecolab's scope should state sample points, calibration checks, alarm ownership, consumable supply, and warranty records.
    • Field updateddescription: The Bell & Gossett e-1510X combines the e-1510 base-mounted end-suction pump with Xylem's hydrovar X smart motor, variable-speed drive, and controls. Xylem's data-center brochure places the family in chilled-water service and lists family performance up to 4,000 gallons per minute and 520 feet of head. Those are range limits, not one operating point or a promise for every impeller, speed, fluid, and motor. The selected pump must be evaluated on a certified curve at the project's actual water or glycol concentration and temperature, with the complete system curve, net positive suction head margin, minimum flow, materials, seal plan, and expected turndown. Integrated controls reduce separate panels but create firmware, configuration, network, and spare-part dependencies. Buyers should confirm power and drive redundancy, multi-pump sequence, local fallback, Modbus point list, cyber ownership, harmonic treatment, motor and drive replacement, alignment, vibration, sound, and service access. The cited sources do not provide a data-center-specific selected duty, annual efficiency, failure rate, or installed cost. The submittal should mark normal, minimum, maximum, and degraded operating points on the selected curve and show motor load and efficiency at each point. Procurement should require the exact construction and seal materials, allowable starts, minimum speed, vibration and sound criteria, replacement-drive compatibility, configuration backups, and a witnessed or certified performance test appropriate to the duty. Redundancy testing must include valves, sensors, controls, and electrical feeds rather than only starting a spare pump. → The Bell & Gossett e-1510X combines the e-1510 base-mounted end-suction pump with Xylem's hydrovar X smart motor, variable-speed drive, and controls. Xylem's data-center brochure places the family in chilled-water service and lists performance up to 4,000 gallons per minute and 520 feet of head. Those figures are family limits, not a single operating point or a promise for every impeller, speed, fluid, and motor. The selected pump must be checked on a certified curve at the project's actual water or glycol concentration and temperature. The calculation also needs the complete system curve, net positive suction head margin, minimum flow, materials, seal plan, and expected turndown. Integrated controls reduce separate panels but add firmware, configuration, network, and spare-part dependencies. The technical review should cover power and drive redundancy, multi-pump sequencing, local fallback, the Modbus point list, cyber ownership, harmonic treatment, motor and drive replacement, alignment, vibration, sound, and service access. The cited sources provide no data-center-specific selected duty, annual efficiency, failure rate, or installed cost. Normal, minimum, maximum, and degraded operating points should be marked on the selected curve with motor load and efficiency at each point. Required submittals include exact construction and seal materials, allowable starts, minimum speed, vibration and sound criteria, replacement-drive compatibility, configuration backups, and a witnessed or certified performance test suited to the duty. Redundancy testing must include valves, sensors, controls, and electrical feeds, not merely start the spare pump.
    • Field updateddescription: The e-SV is a vertical multistage pump family used alone and in packaged booster systems. Xylem's data-center brochure lists delivery up to 725 gallons per minute and head up to 1,200 feet, with options for IE5 motors. The separate TECHNOFORCE e-MTV literature shows two- or three-pump packages using e-SV pumps for clean-water pressure boosting, with variable-frequency-drive control and service isolation. These figures span a family and should not be combined into one duty point. For data-center cooling or make-up service, buyers must select against the actual flow, head, fluid, temperature, gas and solids content, suction conditions, materials, seal, minimum flow, and part-load profile. A high-head multistage pump may be suitable for pressure boosting but inefficient or excessive for a low-head technology loop. Packaged redundancy also depends on common manifolds, controls, power, and valves. Public sources do not state qualification for a particular cold-plate loop, glycol concentration, selected pump efficiency, acoustics, or data-center field reliability. Buyers should first state whether the duty is clean-water pressure boosting, make-up water, or closed-loop circulation because each has different control and material requirements. The selected schedule should include stage count, impeller and casing materials, seal, motor, drive, minimum inlet pressure, net positive suction head, minimum flow, and curves corrected for the actual fluid. Packaged systems also need header isolation, pressure-sensor redundancy, local fallback, and tested pump-changeover logic. → The e-SV is a vertical multistage pump family used alone and in packaged booster systems. Xylem's data-center brochure lists delivery up to 725 gallons per minute and head up to 1,200 feet, with options for IE5 motors. Separate TECHNOFORCE e-MTV literature shows two- or three-pump packages using e-SV pumps for clean-water pressure boosting, variable-frequency-drive control, and service isolation. These family figures cannot be combined into one duty point. Selection for data-center cooling or make-up service must use the actual flow, head, fluid, temperature, gas and solids content, suction conditions, materials, seal, minimum flow, and part-load profile. A high-head multistage pump may suit pressure boosting yet be inefficient or excessive for a low-head technology loop. Packaged redundancy also depends on common manifolds, controls, power, and valves. The available sources do not establish qualification for a particular cold-plate loop, glycol concentration, selected pump efficiency, acoustics, or data-center field reliability. The schedule must first identify the duty as clean-water pressure boosting, make-up water, or closed-loop circulation because each imposes different control and material requirements. It should then specify stage count, impeller and casing materials, seal, motor, drive, minimum inlet pressure, net positive suction head, minimum flow, and curves corrected for the actual fluid. Packaged systems also need header isolation, pressure-sensor redundancy, local fallback, and tested pump-changeover logic.
    • Field updateddescription: Desigo PXC4.E16 is a small controller for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and building systems. Siemens lists 12 universal points and four relay outputs. It supports BACnet over Internet Protocol and BACnet Secure Connect. It has a built-in web page and can add TX-I/O modules. The E16 version can also link to Modbus and KNX PL-Link devices when the project is set up for them. Siemens' Novva case uses Desigo PXC controllers at a live data center. They control four chillers, two chiller plants, towers, pumps, and fans. The case does not name the exact PXC model or controller count. It also omits firmware, point use, and network design. It supports the product family, not this exact E16 build. Buyers should approve the stock number and firmware. They need point counts, add-on modules, power, and room limits. The submittal should list BACnet objects and certificates. It should also cover alarms, schedules, trends, local logic, user roles, backups, cyber setup, patches, and service tools. Tests should fail the controller, sensors, links, and power. Protocol support alone is not proof. The design should reserve points for later phases. It should not make one controller too large a fault zone. Buyers need editable code and naming rules. They need source and built backups, tool and license access, supported firmware life, certificate ownership, time sync, and rollback. Each chiller, pump, tower, and fan needs an approved point map and a safe local mode if the control network fails. → Desigo PXC4.E16 is a compact controller for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and building systems. Siemens lists 12 universal inputs and outputs plus four relay outputs. It supports BACnet over Internet Protocol and BACnet Secure Connect. The controller has a built-in web page and accepts TX-I/O expansion modules. It can also link to Modbus and KNX PL-Link devices when set up for them. Siemens' Novva case uses Desigo PXC controllers at a live data center. They control four chillers, two chiller plants, cooling towers, pumps, and fans. The case does not name the exact PXC model or controller count. It also omits firmware, point use, and network design. The case supports the product family, not this exact E16 setup. Approval should cover the stock number, firmware, point counts, add-on modules, power supply, and room limits. The submittal also needs BACnet objects, certificates, alarms, schedules, trend storage, local sequences, user roles, backups, cyber hardening, patches, and service tools. Factory and site tests should fail the controller, sensors, links, and power. Protocol support alone is not enough. The design should reserve points for later phases without making one controller a large fault zone. Required items include editable code, naming rules, source and built backups, tool access, firmware support, certificate ownership, time sync, and rollback steps. Each chiller, pump, tower, and fan needs an approved point map and a safe local mode during a control-network outage.
    • Field updateddescription: White Space Cooling Optimization is a Siemens control system for data halls. It is based on Vigilent technology. Many wireless sensors read air temperature at server inlets. An artificial-intelligence engine maps how each cooling unit changes those readings. It then changes air flow and cooling output. The goal is to cut hot spots and excess cooling. Siemens says the system can run on a virtual machine or on-site hardware. It can link to building controls. This is a high-level tool. It does not replace local safety controls or the plant sequence. Results depend on sensor placement and wireless links. Cooling-unit access, model training, limits, and the thermal service agreement also matter. Buyers should set sensor count, accuracy, and battery rules. They should own the network design and choose local or cloud hosting. The bid must list protocols, commands, manual override, safe failure, change control, alarms, data retention, cyber review, licenses, and support. Siemens gives named use cases. The flyer gives no sure saving or fixed bill of materials. It omits loop response time and results for racks with little air load. A pilot should keep old thermal alarms and local controls active. It should test coverage, command limits, lost links, and hot-spot response under real load shifts. Acceptance should measure inlet temperatures and cooling power against a saved baseline. The contract must state how to retrain the model after rack moves, new containment, or direct-to-chip cooling. → White Space Cooling Optimization is Siemens' data-hall control platform based on Vigilent technology. A distributed wireless sensor network measures air temperature at server inlets. An artificial-intelligence engine models how each cooling unit affects those readings, then adjusts airflow and cooling output to reduce hot spots and overcooling. Siemens says the system can run on a virtual machine or dedicated on-site hardware and integrate with building controls. It is a supervisory layer, not a replacement for local equipment safeties or the plant sequence. Performance depends on sensor placement, wireless reliability, cooling-unit interfaces, model training, guardrails, and the thermal service-level agreement. Project requirements should set sensor count, accuracy, battery maintenance, network ownership, and local or cloud hosting. The bid must list supported protocols and commands, manual override, fail-safe behavior, change control, alarm ownership, data retention, cyber review, licenses, and support response. Siemens provides named use cases, but the flyer gives no universal savings figure, fixed bill of materials, control-loop response time, or performance data for racks with little residual air load. A pilot should keep existing thermal alarms and local controls active while testing sensor coverage, command limits, communication loss, and hot-spot response under representative load changes. Acceptance should measure inlet-temperature compliance and cooling power against a documented baseline. The contract must also define model retraining after rack moves, containment changes, or direct-to-chip adoption.
    • Field updateddescription: Pall's Ultipleat High Flow housing takes large filter elements. Pall lists cooling water and treatment before reverse osmosis as uses. Some housings are rated up to 1,500 gallons per minute. The cited build follows ASME Section VIII Division 1. Pall also lists pressure and heat limits. These are housing limits. They do not state how well particles are removed. The chosen element sets filter efficiency, micron grade, dirt capacity, and much of the pressure loss. Designers should size for a clean and a loaded filter. They must use the real fluid drag and flow. A technology loop needs more proof. The element, supports, glue, seals, and housing must meet fluid-cleanliness rules. They must not shed harmful particles. The design should state full-flow or side-stream use. It needs rules for bypass, isolation, venting, draining, pressure checks, safe changes, spares, and waste. Pall gives no data-center site or cold-plate-loop approval. That use remains unproven here. The schedule should state element count and length. It should give nozzle size and direction, design and working pressure, rust allowance, closure, vent, drain, lift access, seal, and code papers. Buyers need clean and final pressure-loss sums at the real flow and fluid drag. They also need a safe change method. If bypass exists, its manual or automatic action must be clear. The risk to cold plates must be approved. → Pall's Ultipleat High Flow housing accepts large-format filter elements for cooling water and treatment before reverse osmosis. Pall lists housing flow up to 1,500 gallons per minute, ASME Section VIII Division 1 construction, and pressure and temperature limits for the cited configuration. These are housing limits, not particle-removal performance. The selected element determines filter efficiency, micron grade, dirt capacity, and much of the differential pressure. Sizing must cover both clean and terminal differential pressure at the actual flow and fluid viscosity. A technology coolant loop requires evidence that the element, supports, adhesives, seals, and housing materials meet cleanliness and extractables limits without shedding harmful particles. The design should identify full-flow or side-stream duty and define bypass, isolation, venting, draining, differential-pressure instruments, safe element changes, spares, and waste handling. Pall cites no data-center deployment or cold-plate-loop qualification, so that application remains unproven. The housing schedule needs element count and length, nozzle size and orientation, design and operating pressure, corrosion allowance, closure type, vent, drain, lifting access, seal material, and code documentation. Clean and terminal differential-pressure calculations must use the actual flow and viscosity. A safe isolation and change procedure is also required. If bypass is provided, its manual or automatic action and the resulting risk to protected cold plates need explicit approval.
    • Field updateddescription: Profile UP is a pleated depth-filter cartridge. It uses Pall's Ultipleat shape. Pall lists it for resin traps, treatment before reverse osmosis, and cooling water. Grades range from very fine to tens of microns. Pall also gives clean-water pressure-loss data. Grade choice matters. A fine element can protect small channels. It also adds pressure loss and may fill fast during the first flush. A coarse element may pass dirt that blocks cold plates or harms seals. Buyers should specify removal efficiency, not only a micron label. They need the beta ratio or another clear test basis. Dirt capacity, final pressure loss, collapse action, materials, seals, extractables, and chemical fit also matter. Flow data must be corrected for the real fluid drag and element length. The filter train needs isolation and pressure alarms. Clean-side handling, first-flush plans, spares, and waste also need rules. Pall names no data-center technology loop. It gives no cold-plate grade or field service interval. Qualification should match the grade to the equipment maker's particle limit. The grade name is not an absolute cutoff. Buyers should request first-fill particle results and expected building debris. They need element area, dirt capacity, alarm limits, change limits, collapse margin, lot records, and approved seals. The first-flush element may need a different grade and change time from the permanent element. → Profile UP is a pleated depth-filter cartridge that uses Pall's Ultipleat geometry. Pall lists resin traps, treatment before reverse osmosis, and cooling water as uses. Grades span submicron to tens-of-microns removal. Pall also publishes clean-water differential-pressure data. Grade choice matters. A fine element can protect small passages, but it adds clean differential pressure and may load fast during commissioning. A coarse element may pass particles that block cold plates or damage seals. Specifications should state removal efficiency, not only a micron label. They also need the beta ratio or an equal test basis. Dirt-holding capacity and terminal differential pressure matter. So do collapse behavior, materials, seals, extractables, and compatibility with water, glycol, inhibitors, and cleaning chemicals. Flow data must be corrected for the actual viscosity and cartridge length. The filter train needs isolation and differential-pressure alarms. Clean-side handling, a commissioning-flush plan, spares, and disposal also need rules. Pall names no data-center technology loop, cold-plate grade, or field service interval. Qualification should match the grade to the equipment vendor's particle limit. The grade name is not an absolute cutoff. Required evidence includes initial cleanliness, expected building debris, element area, dirt capacity, alarm and change limits, collapse margin, lot traceability, and compatible seals. Commissioning may need a different grade and change schedule from permanent operation.
    • Field updateddescription: S.sensing MX joins water sensors and analyzers to one cooling-tower controller. Kurita lists modules for pH and conductivity. Other modules check oxidation-reduction potential, active treatment product, and free or total chlorine. The platform adds alarms, a fail-safe mode, links to other systems, and room to grow. A modular design can avoid duplicate panels. Its value still depends on the selected analyzers and a sound sample line. Calibration and the control sequence also matter. Buyers should state the range, accuracy, repeatability, and response time for each reading. They should name calibration standards and reagent needs. Sample flow, fouling control, and service access need review. The submittal should list every signal and protocol. It should show the local display, alarm ranks, and dose interlocks. Safe action after loss of sample or network must be clear. Data retention, cyber rules, and manual fallback also matter. Measuring the active ingredient may give more insight than pump run time. It still needs a sound sample and a proven test method. The public page gives no data-center site, enclosure rating, full protocol list, cyber certificate, calibration interval, or price. A complete submittal must fill those gaps. It must list the exact modules and methods. Tests should cover stale readings, lost sample flow, empty reagents, failed links, dose proof, alarm delivery, and manual use. Buyers also need calibration records, spare sensors, raw-data export, local support, and an owner for later limit changes. → S.sensing MX connects water sensors and analyzers to one cooling-tower controller. Kurita lists modules for pH, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, active treatment product, and free or total chlorine. The platform adds alarms, a fail-safe mode, integration with other systems, and room for expansion. A modular design can avoid duplicate panels, but its value still depends on the selected analyzers, a sound sample line, proper calibration, and the control sequence. Each reading needs a stated range, accuracy, repeatability, response time, calibration standard, and reagent requirement. Sample flow, fouling control, and service access also require review. The submittal should list every signal and protocol, the local display, alarm priorities, and dosing interlocks. Safe action after loss of sample or network must be clear, along with data retention, cyber rules, and manual fallback. Measuring active product concentration may reveal more than pump run time, provided the sample and test method are reliable. The product page gives no data-center reference, enclosure rating, full protocol list, cyber certificate, calibration interval, or price. A complete submittal must supply those details and name the exact modules and methods. Tests should cover stale readings, lost sample flow, empty reagents, failed links, proof of dosing, alarm delivery, and manual operation. Calibration records, spare sensors, raw-data export, local support, and an owner for later limit changes are also required.
    • Field updateddescription: Korrodex is a Kurita range for closed systems. It is not one chemical formula. Some products limit rust in carbon steel and stainless steel. Kurita also covers yellow metals and aluminum. Other products use dispersants to control hardness in different water types. The range also has antifreeze treatment for cold loops. It may suit chilled water and some direct-to-chip secondary loops. Every connected equipment vendor must first approve the product and dose. A buyer should never specify only the family name. The submittal must name the exact product and composition. It must state dose, fill-water quality, pH, and conductivity limits. It should list approved metals and polymers. Glycol or antifreeze levels need firm limits. Rust and hardness limits need named test methods. The plan should set test timing, alert points, and action points. It also needs make-up rules, cleaning, passivation, spill control, waste handling, and warranty roles. A closed loop still needs care. Air entry, mixed metals, leaks, dirt, and bad make-up water can cause rust or deposits. Public sources give no data-center site or standard dose. They also omit heat properties and named cold-plate approval. The project water rules must match each heat exchanger, pump, valve, coupling, hose, manifold, and cold plate. Commissioning records should cover cleaning, flushing, passivation, fill source, dose, dissolved gas, and baseline rust signs. Operations need sealed samples, approved make-up fluid, leak checks, trend limits, and clear steps for depleted additives or dirt. → Korrodex is a Kurita product range for closed systems, not one chemical formula. Some products inhibit corrosion in carbon steel and stainless steel, with coverage also stated for yellow metals and aluminum. Other products use dispersants to control hardness in different water types. The range includes antifreeze treatment for cold loops and may suit chilled water or some direct-to-chip secondary loops. Every connected equipment vendor must approve the exact product and dose. Specifying only the Korrodex family name is insufficient. The submittal must name the product and composition, dose, fill-water quality, pH and conductivity limits, and approved metals and polymers. Glycol or antifreeze concentration needs firm limits. Corrosion and hardness limits require named test methods, testing intervals, alert points, and action points. Make-up rules, cleaning, passivation, spill control, waste handling, and warranty responsibilities also belong in the plan. Closed loops remain vulnerable to air entry, mixed metals, leaks, debris, and unsuitable make-up water. Available sources give no data-center site, standard dose, thermophysical properties, or named cold-plate approval. Project water requirements must match each heat exchanger, pump, valve, coupling, hose, manifold, and cold plate. Commissioning records should cover cleaning, flushing, passivation, fill source, dose, dissolved gas, and baseline corrosion indicators. Operations need sealed samples, approved make-up fluid, leak checks, trend limits, and defined responses to depleted additives or contamination.
    • Field updateddescription: E.C.O.Film is Veolia's Engineered Carboxylate Oxide treatment for open cooling-water loops. Veolia says it controls scale and rust without phosphorus. It also says the chemistry uses no priority-pollutant material listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The program can use scale models and online deposit checks. It can also use rust checks and TrueSense controls. This is a treatment plan, not a sure gain in tower cycles. Results depend on source water and tower materials. Heat-exchanger surface temperature also matters. So do control of microbes, discharge limits, and operator response. Buyers should require Veolia's site model. The bid must name the exact chemistry and dose. It must show fit with galvanized steel, copper alloys, aluminum, seals, and all other wet materials. Limits for rust and deposits need named tests. The plan also needs microbe control, sample methods, online tools, alarms, chemical storage, spill control, and discharge review. It needs a safe response to water outside limits. The public page gives no formula or standard dose. It gives no fixed sensor package, named data-center case for E.C.O.Film, or sure water saving. A proposal should model changes in source water, tower cycles, pH, temperature, and heat flux. It should state what assumptions would break the model. Buyers also need the biocide plan, lab checks, proof of feed, operator rounds, and discharge duties. Water or acid savings need an agreed baseline. Results should be adjusted for cooling load and weather. → E.C.O.Film is Veolia's Engineered Carboxylate Oxide treatment for open cooling-water loops. Veolia says it controls scale and corrosion without phosphorus and uses no priority-pollutant material listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The program can combine scale modeling with online deposit monitoring, corrosion monitoring, and TrueSense controls. It is a treatment program, not a guaranteed increase in tower cycles. Results depend on source water, tower materials, heat-exchanger surface temperature, microbial control, discharge limits, and operator response. Veolia's site model should accompany the bid. The proposal must name the exact chemistry and dose and demonstrate compatibility with galvanized steel, copper alloys, aluminum, seals, and all other wetted materials. Corrosion and deposit limits need named tests. The plan also requires microbial control, sampling methods, online instruments, alarms, chemical storage, spill controls, discharge review, and a safe response to out-of-limit water. The product page gives no formulation, standard dose, fixed sensor package, named data-center deployment for E.C.O.Film, or guaranteed water saving. A project model should test changes in source water, tower cycles, pH, temperature, and heat flux and state which assumptions invalidate the result. The operating scope also needs a biocide plan, laboratory checks, proof of feed, operator rounds, and discharge responsibilities. Water or acid savings require an agreed baseline and adjustment for cooling load and weather.
    • Field updateddescription: TrueSense Ready-Set-Go, or RSG, is a Veolia cooling-water controller. It checks pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and conductivity. Supported programs can also check chemical levels in real time. In an Illinois data-center case, an RSG watched pH and controlled sulfuric acid feed. Remote checks and alarms were part of the work. Veolia says the full treatment change doubled tower cycles and cut water demand. The source does not name the site. It omits the controller build, sensors, setpoints, raw trends, and any outside audit. Acid feed has serious safety needs. It calls for secondary containment and compatible pumps and tubes. It also needs interlocks, air flow, protective gear, and a plan for failed sensors or pumps. Buyers should approve the range and accuracy of each reading. They should set calibration and replacement timing. Sample conditioning, outputs, links, local logic, and fail positions need review. So do alarm routes, network-loss action, data retention, access control, remote support, feed proof, and manual use. Public material gives no full hardware specification, cyber certificate, or sure savings. The submittal must separate measured data from calculated or entered values. It should show which outputs can start chemical feed or blowdown. Tests should cover dirty or failed probes, lost sample flow, stuck feed gear, empty tanks, network loss, late alarms, and power return. Buyers also need calibration standards, spare probes, backups, user roles, raw trends, local fallback, and a stated remote-service response. → TrueSense Ready-Set-Go, or RSG, is a Veolia cooling-water controller. It measures pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and conductivity. Supported programs can also track chemical levels in real time. In an Illinois data-center case, an RSG measured pH and controlled sulfuric acid feed. Remote checks and alarms were also used. Veolia says the full treatment change doubled tower cycles and cut water demand. The source does not name the site. It omits the controller build, sensors, setpoints, raw trends, and an outside audit. Acid feed needs secondary containment and compatible pumps and tubing. It also needs interlocks, air flow, protective gear, and steps for failed sensors or pumps. Each reading needs an approved range, accuracy, calibration method, and replacement interval. Sample conditioning, outputs, links, local logic, and fail positions also require review. Alarm routes, network-loss behavior, data retention, access control, remote support, proof of feed, and manual operation must be clear. Available material gives no full hardware specification, cyber certificate, or guaranteed savings. The submittal must separate measured data from calculated or entered values. It must also show which outputs can start chemical feed or blowdown. Tests should cover dirty or failed probes, lost sample flow, stuck feed equipment, empty tanks, network loss, delayed alarms, and power return. Calibration standards, spare probes, backups, user roles, raw trends, local fallback, and the remote-service response time must be stated.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: pilot. On 20 July 2023, Castrol said its Pangbourne immersion systems were installed and working. The research setup joins Castrol fluids with Hypertec server skills. It also uses Submer SmartPod and MicroPod tanks. The partners planned to test fluids, servers, and the full cooling setup. This is a real site with named partners. It is a supplier lab, not a production data center. The release gives no information-technology load or tank count. It omits server models and the fluid used in each test. It also omits water temperatures, heat-rejection gear, test steps, measured efficiency, uptime, and customer acceptance. The site proves joint research, not capacity or savings. Buyers should request the full bill of materials. They need test length, duty, material checks, fluid results, fault tests, and later design changes. Long-run data would strengthen the record. So would an operator report or a commercial site with the same mix. The release does not say which Castrol fluid was in each tank. It does not say if tests used sale batches. It also does not tie Submer's later DC 20 approval to this lab. Those links cannot be assumed. Buyers should ask for fluid values before and after each test. They need the server list, time in fluid, heat profile, pump and heat-exchanger data, service work, spills, dirt events, and final inspection. A commercial project also needs fire rules, worker steps, fluid stock, lift and drain plans, spare capacity, and a warranty owner. No later public update confirms current use or setup. A fresh site reference or dated report is needed before calling Pangbourne active. → Status: pilot. On 20 July 2023, Castrol said its Pangbourne immersion systems were installed and working. The setup combines Castrol fluids with Hypertec server expertise. It also uses Submer SmartPod and MicroPod tanks. The partners planned to test fluids, servers, and the full cooling system. Pangbourne is a named supplier lab, not a production data center. The release gives no information-technology load or tank count. It omits server models and the fluid used in each test. Water temperatures, heat-rejection equipment, test steps, measured efficiency, uptime, and customer acceptance are also unknown. The site supports joint testing, not a capacity or savings claim. Reference checks need the bill of materials and test duration. They also need the duty cycle, material inspections, fluid results, failure tests, and later design changes. Long-run data, an operator report, or a commercial site with the same qualified mix would offer stronger proof. The release does not state which Castrol fluid was in each tank. It does not say whether tests used production batches. It also does not link Submer's later DC 20 approval to Pangbourne. Those links cannot be assumed. Test records should show fluid properties before and after each run. They should list servers, components, time in fluid, heat load, pump and heat-exchanger data, service work, spills, contamination, and final inspections. Commercial qualification also needs fire rules, worker steps, fluid stock, lift and drain plans, spare capacity, and a warranty owner. No later update confirms current use or setup. Calling Pangbourne active requires a dated report or current site reference.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: pilot. A Valvoline case from December 2025 covers an 18-month test of HTF-DE1 fluid. The test used an Iceotope MicroDC system. It had HPE DL380 servers and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. The stated load was 5.2 kW. Valvoline says viscosity stayed steady. It says dielectric strength stayed above the Open Compute Project floor. A final inspection found no rust or material harm. The named gear, long test, and later inspection add weight. Limits remain. The site is not named. A 5.2 kW test does not represent a dense full rack. Raw values and uncertainty are not public. The fluid supplier wrote the report. The test does not prove fit with other servers, plastics, cables, drives, or heat ranges. Buyers need the full test plan. They should request fluid results from start to finish, sample history, inspection limits, faults, service events, and written Iceotope approval for the exact system. A repeat test or named user would add confidence. The source does not say if 5.2 kW is average, peak, or nameplate load. It does not say how often the servers ran. Inlet and outlet temperatures are unknown. Filter use and top-ups are also unknown. Individual electrical and viscosity readings are not public. Nor are lab methods, uncertainty, or detailed inspection records. Buyers should confirm that HPE and NVIDIA warranties stayed valid. They should ask which MicroDC versions Iceotope approves. A production test must use the planned materials and heat range. It should include real service work, sealed baseline samples, preset pass limits, and a named owner for action after a bad sample. → Status: pilot. Valvoline's December 2025 case covers an 18-month test of HTF-DE1 fluid in an Iceotope MicroDC system with HPE DL380 servers and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. The stated load was 5.2 kW. Valvoline reports stable viscosity, dielectric strength above the Open Compute Project minimum, and no corrosion or material damage during final inspection. The named hardware, duration, and inspection support compatibility for that setup. The site is not disclosed, and a 5.2 kW test does not represent a full high-density rack. Raw measurements and uncertainty are unavailable, and the fluid supplier wrote the report. Compatibility with other servers, plastics, cables, storage devices, and operating temperatures remains unproven. Qualification requires the full protocol, starting and ending fluid analyses, sampling history, inspection criteria, excursions, maintenance events, and written Iceotope approval for the exact production system. Independent replication or a named commercial operator would provide stronger evidence. The source does not identify 5.2 kW as average, maximum, or nameplate load. It also omits server duty cycle, inlet and outlet temperatures, filtration, top-ups, individual dielectric and viscosity readings, laboratory methods, uncertainty, and detailed forensic records. HPE and NVIDIA warranty status needs confirmation, as does the set of approved MicroDC revisions. A production pilot should reproduce the intended materials and temperature range, include representative service events, retain sealed baseline samples, set pass and fail limits before testing, and assign authority for action after an out-of-limit sample.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Xylem says more than 55 Bell & Gossett products went into the Energy Systems Integration Facility. The site is at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado. Named pump families include e-1510, Series 90, Series 80, and Series 60. The data center uses warm water close to the computer parts. It sends heat through an energy-recovery loop. Useful heat warms labs and offices. NREL says the water system was installed in 2012. It also describes an order for heat reuse, dry rejection, and cooling towers. The sources prove named product families at a live site. They do not show which pump serves each loop. Current model counts, flow, head, yearly pump power, and service history are unknown. Whole-site efficiency cannot be assigned only to Xylem. The computers have also changed over time. Buyers should study controls, low-load use, standby design, water care, heat demand, and service. They should not copy the old pump schedule. A fair comparison needs current drawings, trends, and service records. The source gives only the year 2012. It gives no exact day. The structured date 2012-01-01 is a format placeholder, not a claimed start date. NREL's current description includes later heat-rejection additions. It may not match the first design. A site review should split the technology, energy-recovery, hot-water, thermosyphon, and tower loops. It should then map Xylem gear and controls to each loop. Useful proof includes pump curves, yearly duty points, standby tests, seal and bearing history, water records, measured pump power, times when no one used the heat, and current supply and return temperatures. → Status: operating. Xylem says more than 55 Bell & Gossett products were selected for the Energy Systems Integration Facility at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colorado. Named pump families include e-1510, Series 90, Series 80, and Series 60. The data center uses component-level warm-water cooling and transfers heat through an energy-recovery loop for reuse in laboratories and offices. NREL says the water-based system was installed in 2012 and describes a hierarchy of heat reuse, dry rejection, and cooling towers. The sources establish named equipment families at an operating facility but do not identify which pump serves each loop. Current model quantities, selected flow and head, annual pump energy, and maintenance history are unknown. Whole-site efficiency cannot be attributed solely to Xylem, and the computing platform has changed over time. A reference review should examine controls, low-load operation, redundancy, water chemistry, heat-reuse availability, and maintenance rather than copy the original pump schedule. Current drawings, trend data, and service records are needed for a like-for-like comparison. The sources provide only the installation year, so 2012-01-01 is a structured-date placeholder rather than a claimed commissioning date. NREL's current cooling description includes later heat-rejection additions and may not match the original design. Diligence should separate the technology, energy-recovery, process-hot-water, thermosyphon, and tower loops, then map Xylem equipment and controls to each. Relevant evidence includes pump curves, annual duty points, standby tests, seal and bearing history, water-treatment records, measured pump energy, periods without a heat customer, and current supply and return temperatures.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Siemens and Novva Data Centers say Desigo PXC controllers replaced the old controls in Colorado Springs. Holbrook Service used a flat control design. It covers four chillers, two chiller plants, towers, pumps, and fans. If one chiller fails, the other gear can respond. Siemens says the work helped Novva move away from water cooling. It ended a need for weekly service. Siemens reports no controller-related plant downtime for a year and a half. It also reports yearly savings above two million kilowatt-hours and $176,000. This is a named site and completed project. Siemens is the source. No outside audit or raw trends are public. The savings include new controls, new wires, new code, and a wider cooling change. The source omits information-technology capacity and controller count. It also omits exact PXC models, baseline dates, weather and load adjustments, project cost, and final water use. Buyers need acceptance tests, a fault plan, trend data, network design, service records, and the savings method. Siemens lists completion in 2023. The savings release is dated 22 July 2024. The structured date uses the public release date, not a claimed start date. The phrase water-free cooling needs care. The same source names chillers and cooling towers but gives no final water balance or system drawing. A reference call should ask how the live change was staged. It should ask which controls stayed local and what faults were tested. It should also test controller and network standby design. Reported zero downtime may not cover power, mechanical, or sensor events. Raw interval data and a baseline adjusted for load and weather are needed to prove the savings. → Status: operating. Siemens and Novva Data Centers say Desigo PXC controllers replaced the previous cooling controls at Novva's Colorado Springs facility. Holbrook Service arranged the controllers in a flat architecture across four chillers, two chiller plants, cooling towers, pumps, and fans so remaining equipment could respond to a chiller fault. Siemens says the retrofit supported Novva's move away from water cooling, ended prior weekly service needs, produced no controller-related central-plant downtime for a year and a half, and saved more than two million kilowatt-hours and $176,000 annually. The operator, site, equipment family, and completed project are named, but Siemens supplies the evidence. No independent audit or raw trends are available. The reported outcome includes controller replacement, rewiring, reprogrammed sequences, and a broader cooling-strategy change. Information-technology capacity, controller count, exact PXC models, baseline dates, weather and load normalization, capital cost, and final water use are not disclosed. Reference diligence needs acceptance tests, a fault matrix, trend data, network design, maintenance records, and the savings method. Siemens lists project completion in 2023, while the savings release is dated 22 July 2024; the structured date reflects the release, not commissioning. The phrase water-free cooling also needs reconciliation with references to chillers and cooling towers because no final water balance or equipment schematic is provided. A reference call should cover live cutover staging, local autonomous functions, injected faults, controller and network redundancy tests, and whether zero downtime excludes power, mechanical, or sensor events. Raw interval data and a load- and weather-normalized baseline are needed to verify the savings.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating, based on a Veolia case dated 23 July 2025. Veolia says an Illinois data center had low tower cycles and high blowdown. Its old treatment program was alkaline. Veolia added a TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller. The controller watched pH and fed sulfuric acid. Remote checks and alarms were also used. Veolia says tower cycles doubled. It reports a 50% cut in cooling-water demand. It also reports yearly savings of 12 million gallons and $150,000. The operator and city are not named. Site capacity, tower count, tower type, baseline period, final cycles, source-water chemistry, acid dose, test method, and outside review are unknown. These gaps prevent a fair adjustment for information-technology load, weather, or water quality. This is a supplier case, not an audited result. Acid feed can harm people and equipment if controls fail. Buyers need the water model and a review of wet materials. They need setpoints, interlocks, containment, alarms, trends, the savings math, and an operator contact. The release date is not the install or start date. Project timing and proven run time remain unknown. The word doubled is incomplete without start and end cycle values. It also needs seasonal water data, blowdown meter records, cooling load, and weather. A reference check should cover acid storage and transfer, secondary containment, material fit, probe checks, dose proof, pH interlocks, failed sensors, stuck pumps, and alarm escalation. Operator input, water bills, sewer bills, lab results, rust and deposit trends, and savings adjusted for rejected heat would make the claims much stronger. → Status: operating, based on a Veolia case dated 23 July 2025. Veolia says an Illinois data center had low cooling-tower cycles of concentration and high blowdown. Its old treatment program was alkaline. Veolia added a TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller to measure pH and feed sulfuric acid. Remote checks and alarms were also used. Veolia reports that tower cycles doubled and cooling-water demand fell by 50%. It also reports annual savings of 12 million gallons and $150,000. The operator and city are not named. Site capacity, tower count and type, baseline period, final cycles, source-water chemistry, acid dose, test method, and outside review are unknown. Those gaps prevent a fair adjustment for information-technology load, weather, or water quality. The result is a supplier case, not an audited benchmark. Acid feed creates safety and corrosion risks if controls fail. Reference checks need the water model and a wetted-materials review. They also need setpoints, interlocks, containment, alarms, trends, savings calculations, and an operator contact. The release date is not the install or start date. Project timing and proven run time remain unknown. The word doubled lacks starting and final cycle values. Seasonal source-water data, blowdown-meter records, cooling load, and weather are also missing. A site call should cover acid storage and transfer, secondary containment, material compatibility, probe calibration, proof of dosing, pH interlocks, failed sensors, stuck pumps, and alarm escalation. Operator confirmation, water and sewer bills, laboratory results, corrosion and deposition trends, and savings adjusted for rejected heat are needed to support the claims.
  2. Recorded

    Research expansion published: 90 records

    Product
    • Field updateddescription: Smardt designs air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporatively cooled, and modular chillers around oil-free centrifugal compressors. Its Core and Ultra water-cooled ranges cover plant sizes from 45 to 3,600 refrigeration tons, while multi-compressor layouts provide staged capacity and some compressor-level redundancy. For a data-center procurement, the useful distinction is specialization: Smardt can engineer the chiller package, but pumps, towers or dry coolers, controls, and rack-side equipment still require a complete plant design. Buyers should obtain project-specific selections at the required chilled- and condenser-water temperatures, annual load calculations, refrigerant and service plans, restart behavior, and witnessed performance tests rather than extrapolating from range limits. → Smardt designs air-cooled, water-cooled, evaporatively cooled, and modular chillers around oil-free centrifugal compressors. Its Core and Ultra water-cooled ranges cover plant sizes from 45 to 3,600 refrigeration tons, while multi-compressor layouts provide staged capacity and some compressor-level redundancy. For a data-center procurement, the useful distinction is specialization: Smardt can engineer the chiller package, but pumps, towers or dry coolers, controls, and rack-side equipment still require a complete plant design. Buyers should obtain project-specific selections at the required chilled- and condenser-water temperatures, annual load calculations, refrigerant and service plans, restart behavior, and witnessed performance tests rather than extrapolating from range limits. Qualification should separate compressor redundancy from whole-chiller and whole-plant redundancy: continued operation after one compressor stops does not establish capacity after loss of a vessel, power feed, controller, pump, or condenser-water path. The public range pages also do not disclose delivered pricing, lead time, fleet-wide failure rates, or one standard efficiency valid across all configurations. Tender documents should therefore identify the exact model, rating standard, ambient and water design points, fouling assumptions, part-load sequence, allowable downtime, spare-parts commitment, and party responsible for integrated plant controls.
    • Field updateddescription: Baltimore Aircoil Company, commonly called BAC, makes outdoor heat-rejection equipment rather than server-side liquid loops. Its data-center range includes the TrilliumSeries dry cooler and the HXV hybrid cooler, allowing a plant designer to trade footprint, fan energy, and peak water use against required leaving-fluid temperature. BAC reports operating since 1938 and describes itself as employee-owned, with product and service coverage across multiple regions. Buyers should compare units at site-specific summer design conditions, glycol concentration, altitude, sound limits, redundancy, and water-quality assumptions, and should require fan power, pressure drop, plume behavior, controls integration, and maintenance access in the submittal. → Baltimore Aircoil Company, commonly called BAC, makes outdoor heat-rejection equipment rather than server-side liquid loops. Its data-center range includes the TrilliumSeries dry cooler and the HXV hybrid cooler, allowing a plant designer to trade footprint, fan energy, and peak water use against required leaving-fluid temperature. BAC reports operating since 1938 and describes itself as employee-owned, with product and service coverage across multiple regions. Buyers should compare units at site-specific summer design conditions, glycol concentration, altitude, sound limits, redundancy, and water-quality assumptions, and should require fan power, pressure drop, plume behavior, controls integration, and maintenance access in the submittal. The two linked products represent materially different utility and operating obligations. A dry cooler avoids routine evaporation but loses temperature margin as outdoor dry-bulb temperature rises; the HXV can use evaporation to extend performance but introduces water treatment, discharge, drift, hygiene, and winterization work. Public product pages do not provide a universal annual energy or water result. A procurement team should require hourly climate modeling, explicit mode-change logic, design-day derating after a fan or pump failure, basin and coil freeze protection, sound at day and night setpoints, and confirmation that service clearances fit the proposed roof or yard layout.
    • Field updateddescription: EVAPCO supplies facility-side heat rejection for data centers, including the eco-Air family of dry coolers and larger field-erected configurations. The EAW-HD APEX and EAW-DD Double Stack products target high heat rejection per unit of plan area while operating without routine evaporation. EVAPCO publishes CTI-certified ratings for selected dry-cooler lines and offers controls and factory assembly, but those facts do not establish site capacity without a thermal selection. Procurement should test performance at actual entering and leaving fluid temperatures, peak dry-bulb conditions, glycol concentration, elevation, recirculation, sound restrictions, fan-failure cases, and the required plant redundancy. → EVAPCO supplies facility-side heat rejection for data centers, including the eco-Air family of dry coolers and larger field-erected configurations. The EAW-HD APEX and EAW-DD Double Stack products target high heat rejection per unit of plan area while operating without routine evaporation. EVAPCO publishes CTI-certified ratings for selected dry-cooler lines and offers controls and factory assembly, but those facts do not establish site capacity without a thermal selection. Procurement should test performance at actual entering and leaving fluid temperatures, peak dry-bulb conditions, glycol concentration, elevation, recirculation, sound restrictions, fan-failure cases, and the required plant redundancy. CTI certification and a thermal performance guarantee address defined rating conditions; they do not answer whether a roof arrangement will recirculate hot discharge air or whether the plant can meet outlet temperature after a cell, power feed, or control panel is unavailable. The public sources also do not disclose installed cost, delivery schedule, annual fan energy, or maintenance staffing for a particular site. Buyers should request the selection printout, test code and tolerance, fan-by-fan electrical schedule, minimum stable speed, controls points, coil-cleaning method, corrosion treatment, freeze strategy, lifting plan, structural reactions, and a layout review using the actual surrounding buildings and prevailing winds.
    • Field updateddescription: Güntner manufactures finned-coil heat exchangers and dry coolers for refrigeration, process, HVAC, and information-technology loads. Its Flat and V-shape VARIO families can be configured with different coils, fans, controls, materials, and sound treatments; the V-shape line can also add hydroBLU adiabatic pre-cooling. Published data-center cases show the equipment rejecting heat from immersion systems, which is evidence of a facility-side role rather than server compatibility. Buyers should require a project selection that accounts for hottest-hour ambient conditions, glycol, fouling, elevation, fan staging, acoustic limits, hot-air recirculation, freeze protection, water use when adiabatic assistance is fitted, and capacity after a fan or control failure. → Güntner manufactures finned-coil heat exchangers and dry coolers for refrigeration, process, HVAC, and information-technology loads. Its Flat and V-shape VARIO families can be configured with different coils, fans, controls, materials, and sound treatments; the V-shape line can also add hydroBLU adiabatic pre-cooling. Published data-center cases show the equipment rejecting heat from immersion systems, which is evidence of a facility-side role rather than server compatibility. Buyers should require a project selection that accounts for hottest-hour ambient conditions, glycol, fouling, elevation, fan staging, acoustic limits, hot-air recirculation, freeze protection, water use when adiabatic assistance is fitted, and capacity after a fan or control failure. Configuration breadth means a family name alone is not a comparable bid. Coil geometry, circuiting, metallurgy, fan quantity, motor type, controls, coatings, and adiabatic accessories can change capacity, pressure drop, sound, water demand, footprint, and service procedure. Procurement should lock those choices to a scheduled duty and require performance at normal, peak, minimum-load, and failure conditions. It should also identify who supplies pumps, expansion and air separation, intermediate heat exchangers, water treatment for any assisted mode, structural steel, and supervisory controls, because the dry cooler does not by itself define or warrant the complete heat-rejection system.
    • Field updateddescription: Vahterus designs gasket-free Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers around welded circular plate packs inside pressure shells. The architecture can isolate fluids in cooling, condensing, evaporating, and heat-recovery duties and is custom selected rather than sold on one universal megawatt rating. The company publishes nine plate sizes, including the PSHE 7 and PSHE 9 represented in this batch, but nozzle and surface-area ranges are not substitutes for a thermal calculation. Data-center buyers should specify both fluids, flow rates, supply and return temperatures, allowable approach temperature and pressure drop, fouling allowance, design pressure, metallurgy, cleanability, leak detection, isolation, bypass, and local pressure-vessel certification. → Vahterus designs gasket-free Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers around welded circular plate packs inside pressure shells. The architecture can isolate fluids in cooling, condensing, evaporating, and heat-recovery duties and is custom selected rather than sold on one universal megawatt rating. The company publishes nine plate sizes, including the PSHE 7 and PSHE 9 represented in this batch, but nozzle and surface-area ranges are not substitutes for a thermal calculation. Data-center buyers should specify both fluids, flow rates, supply and return temperatures, allowable approach temperature and pressure drop, fouling allowance, design pressure, metallurgy, cleanability, leak detection, isolation, bypass, and local pressure-vessel certification. A fully welded exchanger removes plate-pack gaskets from the design, but that construction also affects inspection, mechanical cleaning, repair, and capacity expansion. Buyers should ask how the selected unit will be cleaned for the stated fluids, what fouling or plugging evidence triggers intervention, whether an openable or fully welded execution is proposed, and how an internal leak between circuits would be detected. The public size table does not disclose data-center references, prices, lead times, thermal guarantees, or standard spare strategy. Final qualification needs certified calculations, fabrication drawings, code documentation, weld inspection requirements, nozzle loads, vent and drain provisions, support design, and an isolation arrangement that permits service without losing the required cooling duty.
    • Field updateddescription: SWEP manufactures brazed plate heat exchangers used as loop separators in data-center free cooling, coolant distribution units, mechanical cooling, and heat-reuse systems. Its B439 and B649 products have direct company-documented use in Infosys data centers, where they separate cooling-tower water from a cleaner internal loop. Brazed construction offers a compact sealed assembly, but it changes inspection, cleaning, repair, and end-of-life choices compared with gasketed plate-and-frame equipment. Buyers should require a thermal selection for fluid chemistry, duty temperatures, flow, approach, pressure drop, fouling, material compatibility, design pressure, parallel-unit balancing, isolation, cross-contamination detection, and replacement access. → SWEP manufactures brazed plate heat exchangers used as loop separators in data-center free cooling, coolant distribution units, mechanical cooling, and heat-reuse systems. Its B439 and B649 products have direct company-documented use in Infosys data centers, where they separate cooling-tower water from a cleaner internal loop. Brazed construction offers a compact sealed assembly, but it changes inspection, cleaning, repair, and end-of-life choices compared with gasketed plate-and-frame equipment. Buyers should require a thermal selection for fluid chemistry, duty temperatures, flow, approach, pressure drop, fouling, material compatibility, design pressure, parallel-unit balancing, isolation, cross-contamination detection, and replacement access. The named Infosys reference supports use of the products, not a universal thermal rating or maintenance interval. The public sources do not state the exact plate count, brazing alloy, pressure loss, approach temperature, water analysis, cleaning history, or measured energy savings for every installed unit. Procurement should identify the precise article number and manufacturing configuration, establish strainers and water-quality limits, specify clean and fouled guarantees, and decide whether several isolated exchangers are needed for maintainability and fault tolerance. It should also document chemical-cleaning compatibility, flushing connections, lifting and replacement space, leak-monitoring method, and the party responsible for hydraulic balancing when units operate in parallel.
    • Field updateddescription: MITA Group covers plant-side thermal equipment through specialist businesses including MITA Cooling Technologies in Italy and TORRAVAL Cooling in Spain. MITA Cooling Technologies makes factory-assembled open- and closed-circuit evaporative towers, while TORRAVAL designs larger and customized towers such as the CTFP units documented at a Barcelona data-processing center. This portfolio makes the group relevant where a data-center designer must choose between direct-contact tower water and a closed process loop, but it does not remove the need for project-specific plant engineering. Buyers should compare thermal duty at the site's wet-bulb conditions, annual and peak water use, fan and pump energy, drift, plume, water treatment and discharge, hygiene controls, sound, redundancy, materials, winter operation, access, controls integration, factory or field assembly, and local service. → MITA Group covers plant-side thermal equipment through specialist businesses including MITA Cooling Technologies in Italy and TORRAVAL Cooling in Spain. MITA Cooling Technologies makes factory-assembled open- and closed-circuit evaporative towers, while TORRAVAL designs larger and customized towers such as the CTFP units documented at a Barcelona data-processing center. This portfolio makes the group relevant where a data-center designer must choose between direct-contact tower water and a closed process loop, but it does not remove the need for project-specific plant engineering. Buyers should compare thermal duty at the site's wet-bulb conditions, annual and peak water use, fan and pump energy, drift, plume, water treatment and discharge, hygiene controls, sound, redundancy, materials, winter operation, access, controls integration, factory or field assembly, and local service. Contracting boundaries need particular attention because the linked products carry MITA and TORRAVAL brands within the same group. A tender should identify the legal seller, manufacturing site, thermal guarantor, controls supplier, commissioning party, and organization responsible for warranty and long-term service in the project country. The Barcelona case confirms a sixteen-tower project but withholds the operator, thermal schedule, measured utilities, and acceptance results. Buyers should therefore ask for a comparable reference at the proposed scale and climate, the certified selection and test tolerance, expected cycles of concentration and blowdown, drift and plume controls, basin and coil cleaning procedures, legionella management responsibilities, and capacity after the largest credible equipment or utility failure.
    • Field updateddescription: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems sells centrifugal chillers from 150 to 6,000 refrigeration tons across its published portfolio. The ETI-Z and GART-ZE/ZEI ranges use low-global-warming-potential HFO refrigerants and cover different plant scales, with inverter options available. The company identifies data centers as an application and names Shirakawa Data Center, but its public application page does not disclose installed model, quantity, capacity, efficiency, or commissioning date, so this batch does not create a deployment record from that reference. Buyers should require project-specific full- and part-load selections, chilled- and condenser-water limits, refrigerant availability, harmonic and starting-current data, restart sequence, redundancy, tube-cleaning access, controls integration, service coverage, and witnessed factory testing. → Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems sells centrifugal chillers from 150 to 6,000 refrigeration tons across its published portfolio. The ETI-Z and GART-ZE/ZEI ranges use low-global-warming-potential HFO refrigerants and cover different plant scales, with inverter options available. The company identifies data centers as an application and names Shirakawa Data Center, but its public application page does not disclose installed model, quantity, capacity, efficiency, or commissioning date, so this batch does not create a deployment record from that reference. Buyers should require project-specific full- and part-load selections, chilled- and condenser-water limits, refrigerant availability, harmonic and starting-current data, restart sequence, redundancy, tube-cleaning access, controls integration, service coverage, and witnessed factory testing. A published refrigeration-ton range cannot answer how many machines a resilient plant needs or how they behave as the information-technology load ramps. Qualification should include the selected compressor and drive arrangement, minimum stable load, surge-control method, condenser-water reset envelope, efficiency at each planned staging point, and derating after a compressor, chiller, pump, or cooling-tower cell fails. The public pages do not provide commercial terms, lead times, fleet reliability, data-center acceptance results, or regional parts commitments. Those unknowns should be resolved through the bid schedule, factory-test protocol, reference calls, refrigerant supply plan, preventive-maintenance scope, and guaranteed emergency response time.
    • Field updateddescription: Mitsubishi Electric Hydronics & IT Cooling Systems, or MEHITS, designs applied cooling for comfort, industrial processes, and information-technology facilities. Its portfolio joins Climaveneta air- and water-cooled chillers with RC critical-cooling equipment, including free-cooling chillers designed specifically for hyperscale and colocation data centers. The two products in this batch represent oil-free centrifugal and inverter-screw air-cooled approaches, not interchangeable selections. Buyers should compare annual energy at their water temperatures and climate, compressor and fan redundancy, free-cooling switchover, glycol strategy, fast restart, refrigerant regulation, heat left in room air, sound, controls, maintainability, factory acceptance testing, and service capability in the project country. → Mitsubishi Electric Hydronics & IT Cooling Systems, or MEHITS, designs applied cooling for comfort, industrial processes, and information-technology facilities. Its portfolio joins Climaveneta air- and water-cooled chillers with RC critical-cooling equipment, including free-cooling chillers designed specifically for hyperscale and colocation data centers. The two products in this batch represent oil-free centrifugal and inverter-screw air-cooled approaches, not interchangeable selections. Buyers should compare annual energy at their water temperatures and climate, compressor and fan redundancy, free-cooling switchover, glycol strategy, fast restart, refrigerant regulation, heat left in room air, sound, controls, maintainability, factory acceptance testing, and service capability in the project country. The product relationship establishes available chiller families, not responsibility for the rack-side loop, room air handlers, pumps, electrical infrastructure, or outdoor layout around each unit. Procurement should define those interfaces and require an annual simulation using the site's weather file, phased load profile, supply and return temperatures, glycol concentration, and required reserve. It should also test transition among mechanical, hybrid, and free-cooling modes, capacity during a circuit or fan failure, restart after power loss, low-load stability, control points and data ownership, coil-cleaning access, winter protection, and the availability of trained technicians and refrigerant in the operating region.
    • Field updateddescription: Smardt's Core Series is a water-cooled centrifugal chiller family for applications including data centers. The company publishes a 45–1,600 TR range, equivalent to 160–5,625 kW, and configurations with as many as eight oil-free compressors; it also lists AHRI, ETL, and CE certifications, heat-recovery options, and remote monitoring. Those are family-level statements, not a project selection or proof of efficiency at a specific duty. A buyer should request the selected model's certified full- and part-load performance, compressor staging after a failure, refrigerant charge, tube materials, pressure drop, minimum stable load, starting current, harmonic treatment, sound, dimensions, controls, restart timing, and service plan. → Smardt's Core Series is a water-cooled centrifugal chiller family for applications including data centers. The company publishes a 45–1,600 TR range, equivalent to 160–5,625 kW, and configurations with as many as eight oil-free compressors; it also lists AHRI, ETL, and CE certifications, heat-recovery options, and remote monitoring. Those are family-level statements, not a project selection or proof of efficiency at a specific duty. A buyer should request the selected model's certified full- and part-load performance, compressor staging after a failure, refrigerant charge, tube materials, pressure drop, minimum stable load, starting current, harmonic treatment, sound, dimensions, controls, restart timing, and service plan. The submittal should distinguish loss of one compressor from loss of the common evaporator, condenser, controller, or electrical connection, because multiple compressors do not make every component redundant. It should state which listed refrigerant and certification apply to the quoted machine rather than to the family generally. Annual-energy evaluation needs the actual load profile and condenser-water reset, not only a full-load point. Public material does not disclose model-specific price, lead time, field failure rate, guaranteed restart time, or spare inventory, so those items require contractual answers and reference checks.
    • Field updateddescription: The Ultra Series is Smardt's large-capacity water-cooled centrifugal chiller range for mission-critical and high-tonnage plants. Smardt publishes 300–3,600 TR, or 1,055–12,660 kW, with multiple oil-free compressors and R515B, R513A, or R134a options. The range limit does not establish the capacity, efficiency, redundancy, or footprint of any one selected machine, and supplier superlatives on efficiency require confirmation against certified schedules. Procurement should compare annual plant energy, condenser-water reset limits, compressor staging, failure derating, refrigerant transition risk, maintenance clearances, tube service, controls and cyber access, factory tests, shipping splits, and local technician coverage. → The Ultra Series is Smardt's large-capacity water-cooled centrifugal chiller range for mission-critical and high-tonnage plants. Smardt publishes 300–3,600 TR, or 1,055–12,660 kW, with multiple oil-free compressors and R515B, R513A, or R134a options. The range limit does not establish the capacity, efficiency, redundancy, or footprint of any one selected machine, and supplier superlatives on efficiency require confirmation against certified schedules. Procurement should compare annual plant energy, condenser-water reset limits, compressor staging, failure derating, refrigerant transition risk, maintenance clearances, tube service, controls and cyber access, factory tests, shipping splits, and local technician coverage. At this scale, one machine can represent a large common failure domain even when it contains several compressors. The plant designer should compare fewer large chillers with more smaller modules using the same reserve criterion, maintenance scenario, minimum-load profile, electrical topology, and pump-and-tower consequences. The quoted schedule should identify capacity and efficiency tolerance, entering and leaving water conditions, fouling factors, allowable condenser-water range, refrigerant charge, starting and harmonic requirements, and operation after a compressor or power-feed loss. Delivered cost, schedule, long-term reliability, and site-specific acceptance results are not public.
    • Field updateddescription: The TrilliumSeries Dry Cooler rejects heat from a closed water or glycol loop to outdoor air without routine evaporation. BAC publishes capacity up to 10,000 MBH and describes independent fans, variable-frequency drives, and coils, plus building-management-system communications and low-sound options. The headline capacity is not portable across climates or fluid temperatures: available duty falls as outdoor dry-bulb approaches the required leaving-fluid temperature. A buyer should require a rated selection at peak ambient, glycol and elevation, total fan power, pressure drop, acoustic data, controls sequence, fan- and coil-failure derating, freeze protection, recirculation study, cleaning access, and structural loads. → The TrilliumSeries Dry Cooler rejects heat from a closed water or glycol loop to outdoor air without routine evaporation. BAC publishes capacity up to 10,000 MBH and describes independent fans, variable-frequency drives, and coils, plus building-management-system communications and low-sound options. The headline capacity is not portable across climates or fluid temperatures: available duty falls as outdoor dry-bulb approaches the required leaving-fluid temperature. A buyer should require a rated selection at peak ambient, glycol and elevation, total fan power, pressure drop, acoustic data, controls sequence, fan- and coil-failure derating, freeze protection, recirculation study, cleaning access, and structural loads. The phrase “up to” describes a family maximum, not a guaranteed duty for a chosen footprint or noise configuration. A low-sound fan selection, night limit, fouled coil, blocked airflow, or hot discharge recirculation can reduce usable output. The independent fan, drive, and coil design should be translated into a quantified capacity after each credible failure rather than treated as automatic plant redundancy. Procurement should also identify minimum ambient operation, drain and glycol strategy, motor and drive replacement access, coil-fin protection, hail and corrosion requirements, control-network behavior after communications loss, and the measurement method used for site acceptance.
    • Field updateddescription: The HXV combines a dry coil with evaporative heat rejection and can switch among three operating modes to trade water use against temperature and fan energy. BAC publishes thermal capacity up to 396 tons and flow up to 1,260 US gallons per minute, and identifies data centers as a target application. Because it can consume water and operates as a hybrid closed-circuit cooler, it is related here to cooling-tower equipment rather than represented as a fully dry product. Buyers should model annual and peak-day water, treatment and discharge, plume, drift, legionella controls, dry-mode capacity, fan and pump power, freeze protection, sound, redundancy, maintenance access, and leaving-fluid temperature at the hottest site condition. → The HXV combines a dry coil with evaporative heat rejection and can switch among three operating modes to trade water use against temperature and fan energy. BAC publishes thermal capacity up to 396 tons and flow up to 1,260 US gallons per minute, and identifies data centers as a target application. Because it can consume water and operates as a hybrid closed-circuit cooler, it is related here to cooling-tower equipment rather than represented as a fully dry product. Buyers should model annual and peak-day water, treatment and discharge, plume, drift, legionella controls, dry-mode capacity, fan and pump power, freeze protection, sound, redundancy, maintenance access, and leaving-fluid temperature at the hottest site condition. Selection should show the weather and load thresholds for each operating mode, because annual savings depend on how often dry operation can meet the required outlet temperature. The proposal should separately state process-loop pressure drop, spray-pump power, fan power, makeup water, evaporation, drift, blowdown, and chemical treatment. It should also quantify duty during water restrictions or a spray-system outage and identify whether that condition requires compute curtailment or mechanical backup. Public pages do not disclose one standard water-use figure, annual efficiency, price, or failure rate; site modeling and guaranteed schedules are necessary.
    • Field updateddescription: The eco-Air APEX is a factory-assembled dry fluid cooler developed for high-capacity data-center and industrial heat rejection. EVAPCO publishes a CTI-certified nominal range of 9,060–11,490 MBH and states that the largest listed condition equals 3.37 MW at 115°F inlet, 105°F outlet, and 95°F entering dry bulb. Those temperatures are essential context; a different approach to ambient, glycol mix, or flow changes capacity and fan demand. A project selection should state total fan power, fluid pressure drop, sound, recirculation clearances, controls and communications, fan-failure derating, freeze strategy, coil materials and cleanability, shipping and lifting limits, and performance at the site's actual summer design point. → The eco-Air APEX is a factory-assembled dry fluid cooler developed for high-capacity data-center and industrial heat rejection. EVAPCO publishes a CTI-certified nominal range of 9,060–11,490 MBH and states that the largest listed condition equals 3.37 MW at 115°F inlet, 105°F outlet, and 95°F entering dry bulb. Those temperatures are essential context; a different approach to ambient, glycol mix, or flow changes capacity and fan demand. A project selection should state total fan power, fluid pressure drop, sound, recirculation clearances, controls and communications, fan-failure derating, freeze strategy, coil materials and cleanability, shipping and lifting limits, and performance at the site's actual summer design point. The nominal condition includes only a 10°F fluid drop and a 10°F approach to outdoor air, so it must not be applied to a colder loop without reselection. CTI certification supports comparison at the certified point but does not establish the surrounding roof's airflow or annual energy use. Buyers should request performance at every required ambient and load condition, including night sound limits, minimum fan speed, one-fan and one-control-section outages, fouled coils, and design glycol. Structural reactions, service zones, crane access, discharge recirculation, and the controls response to sensor or network failure also need explicit review.
    • Field updateddescription: The EAW-DD Double Stack uses two levels of V-coil heat-transfer surface to increase dry heat rejection per plan area. EVAPCO publishes 2,750–8,440 MBH nominal capacity, 304L stainless-steel tubing, aluminum fins, belt-driven NEMA fan motors, factory wiring, and a thermal performance guarantee. The range describes a product family, not a selected duty or resilient plant configuration. Buyers should request a site-rated schedule including inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, flow, glycol, pressure drop, fan motor and variable-speed controls, sound, airflow recirculation, seismic and wind criteria, access to the upper coil and fans, failure derating, freeze protection, shipping sections, and structural loading. → The EAW-DD Double Stack uses two levels of V-coil heat-transfer surface to increase dry heat rejection per plan area. EVAPCO publishes 2,750–8,440 MBH nominal capacity, 304L stainless-steel tubing, aluminum fins, belt-driven NEMA fan motors, factory wiring, and a thermal performance guarantee. The range describes a product family, not a selected duty or resilient plant configuration. Buyers should request a site-rated schedule including inlet and outlet fluid temperatures, flow, glycol, pressure drop, fan motor and variable-speed controls, sound, airflow recirculation, seismic and wind criteria, access to the upper coil and fans, failure derating, freeze protection, shipping sections, and structural loading. A double-stack arrangement saves plan area but puts coils and moving equipment at multiple elevations, making safe inspection, cleaning, belt service, isolation, and replacement access procurement issues rather than later operational details. The thermal guarantee should identify its standard, tolerance, fluid, and test condition, and the design team should confirm whether field verification is practical. Evaluation should include total fan power and sound across staging points, capacity with one fan or drive unavailable, minimum winter flow, drainability, corrosion exposure, hail protection, and the effect of nearby parapets or adjacent units. Installed cost and annual energy are not publicly disclosed.
    • Field updateddescription: The V-shape VARIO is a configurable finned-coil dry cooler for server, process, and HVAC heat rejection. Güntner publishes two fluid configurations spanning 75–2,040 kW and 47–740 kW, up to two rows of twelve fans, optional aicore controls, and optional hydroBLU adiabatic pads. The adiabatic option means some configurations use water above a configured threshold even though the base equipment is a dry cooler. Buyers should distinguish the selected coil and fan arrangement, then verify dry-only capacity at peak ambient, assisted-mode water quantity and quality, glycol and pressure drop, sound, fan redundancy, controls, recirculation, corrosion protection, freeze operation, coil cleaning, and maintenance access. → The V-shape VARIO is a configurable finned-coil dry cooler for server, process, and HVAC heat rejection. Güntner publishes two fluid configurations spanning 75–2,040 kW and 47–740 kW, up to two rows of twelve fans, optional aicore controls, and optional hydroBLU adiabatic pads. The adiabatic option means some configurations use water above a configured threshold even though the base equipment is a dry cooler. Buyers should distinguish the selected coil and fan arrangement, then verify dry-only capacity at peak ambient, assisted-mode water quantity and quality, glycol and pressure drop, sound, fan redundancy, controls, recirculation, corrosion protection, freeze operation, coil cleaning, and maintenance access. The two published ranges correspond to different product types and cannot be combined into one blanket capacity claim. The quoted configuration should identify coil material, tube circuiting, fan and motor model, controls package, casing, coating, design pressure, fluid, and all accessories. If hydroBLU is included, procurement should require dry-only and assisted ratings, hourly water modeling, pad life, treatment requirements, drainage, winter sequence, and output during a water outage. The layout review should cover intake clearance, discharge recirculation, fan replacement, coil washing, snow and wind loads, and capacity remaining after the largest fan, circuit, control, or power-section failure.
    • Field updateddescription: The Flat VARIO places a configurable finned coil in a horizontal, low-profile arrangement intended to remain below building-height constraints. Güntner publishes 10–1,300 kW for its listed fluid GFHV type and 13–3,262 kW for the listed oil GOHV type, with selectable coils, fans, circuiting, housings, and optional controls. The oil range is not evidence that every configuration or water-loop selection reaches 3,262 kW. A data-center buyer should obtain the exact water or glycol selection, peak-ambient duty, pressure drop, total fan power, snow and wind design, sound, fan-failure derating, access above and below the horizontal coil, drainage and freeze protection, recirculation clearances, controls, and structural loads. → The Flat VARIO places a configurable finned coil in a horizontal, low-profile arrangement intended to remain below building-height constraints. Güntner publishes 10–1,300 kW for its listed fluid GFHV type and 13–3,262 kW for the listed oil GOHV type, with selectable coils, fans, circuiting, housings, and optional controls. The oil range is not evidence that every configuration or water-loop selection reaches 3,262 kW. A data-center buyer should obtain the exact water or glycol selection, peak-ambient duty, pressure drop, total fan power, snow and wind design, sound, fan-failure derating, access above and below the horizontal coil, drainage and freeze protection, recirculation clearances, controls, and structural loads. Horizontal placement can satisfy a height limit while increasing roof area and changing how snow, debris, rain, cleaning water, and maintenance personnel interact with the coil and fans. The design team should confirm safe access without blocking airflow and should model nearby parapets, screens, and units rather than assume catalog clearances suit the roof. Tender comparisons need the selected fluid model, because the published oil and fluid ranges represent different duties. Require guaranteed outlet temperature and fan power at normal, peak, fouled, low-load, and failure conditions, plus controls behavior, motor replacement space, drainability, corrosion protection, and lifting reactions.
    • Field updateddescription: PSHE 7 is one plate size within Vahterus's custom-built fully welded Plate & Shell Heat Exchanger family. The company publishes 8–550 m² of heat-transfer area, DN150 plate-side nozzles, and DN25–500 shell-side nozzles; the welded circular plate pack sits inside a pressure shell with no external plate gaskets. Those dimensions do not establish thermal duty, approach temperature, pressure loss, or suitability for data-center water. Procurement should provide both fluid compositions and design cases, temperatures, flow, allowable pressure drop, fouling, pressure and temperature limits, materials, nozzle loads, cleanability, isolation and bypass, leak and cross-contamination detection, certification, inspection access, and replacement strategy. → PSHE 7 is one plate size within Vahterus's custom-built fully welded Plate & Shell Heat Exchanger family. The company publishes 8–550 m² of heat-transfer area, DN150 plate-side nozzles, and DN25–500 shell-side nozzles; the welded circular plate pack sits inside a pressure shell with no external plate gaskets. Those dimensions do not establish thermal duty, approach temperature, pressure loss, or suitability for data-center water. Procurement should provide both fluid compositions and design cases, temperatures, flow, allowable pressure drop, fouling, pressure and temperature limits, materials, nozzle loads, cleanability, isolation and bypass, leak and cross-contamination detection, certification, inspection access, and replacement strategy. Because each unit is custom made, “PSHE 7” identifies the plate size rather than a complete repeatable bill of materials. The buyer should require the final plate count, shell geometry, construction materials, weld and pressure-vessel records, dry and operating weights, support reactions, and certified thermal calculation. Qualification should explain how each circuit is vented, drained, flushed, sampled, and chemically or mechanically cleaned, and whether the proposed execution can be opened. It should also define clean and fouled guarantees, internal-leak detection, allowable transients, thermal expansion, spare or bypass capacity, and the procedure and lead time for repair or replacement.
    • Field updateddescription: PSHE 9 is a larger standard plate size used as the basis for custom Vahterus Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers. Vahterus publishes 15–1,000 m² of heat-transfer area, a DN200 plate-side nozzle, and shell-side nozzles from DN25 to DN700. The selected shell, plate count, metallurgy, and circuit are engineered for the process, so the area range alone cannot be converted into a data-center megawatt rating. Buyers should require a guaranteed duty and approach temperature for clean and fouled cases, pressure-drop limits on both sides, materials compatibility, pressure-vessel code, nozzle and support loads, thermal expansion, vents and drains, cleaning method, isolation and bypass, internal-leak detection, spares, and inspection provisions. → PSHE 9 is a larger standard plate size used as the basis for custom Vahterus Plate & Shell Heat Exchangers. Vahterus publishes 15–1,000 m² of heat-transfer area, a DN200 plate-side nozzle, and shell-side nozzles from DN25 to DN700. The selected shell, plate count, metallurgy, and circuit are engineered for the process, so the area range alone cannot be converted into a data-center megawatt rating. Buyers should require a guaranteed duty and approach temperature for clean and fouled cases, pressure-drop limits on both sides, materials compatibility, pressure-vessel code, nozzle and support loads, thermal expansion, vents and drains, cleaning method, isolation and bypass, internal-leak detection, spares, and inspection provisions. The larger published surface and nozzle envelope may support a high duty, but it can also create a consequential single failure domain if the plant relies on one exchanger. Procurement should compare one large unit with several isolated units using the required reserve, minimum flow, pump energy, footprint, maintenance outage, and capital cost. The final submittal needs plate count, shell arrangement, metallurgy, weld inspection, pressure test, code stamp, weights, center of gravity, supports, lifting points, and nozzle forces. Public sources do not state a standard thermal capacity, price, delivery period, or data-center operating record for PSHE 9.
    • Field updateddescription: SWEP identifies the B439 as a single-phase brazed plate heat exchanger suited to data-center free cooling, where it separates an external brine or tower circuit from a cleaner internal water loop. In the Infosys case, B439 units used 4-inch ports before later projects moved to the larger B649. SWEP's public application page does not provide one universal capacity because duty depends on plate count, flow, temperatures, fluid, and pressure loss. Buyers should obtain the exact article and plate count, certified selection, materials and brazing alloy, design pressure, approach temperature, pressure drop, fouling allowance, water-quality limits, parallel-unit balancing, isolation, strainers, flushing and chemical-cleaning procedure, leak detection, replacement clearance, and lead time. → SWEP identifies the B439 as a single-phase brazed plate heat exchanger suited to data-center free cooling, where it separates an external brine or tower circuit from a cleaner internal water loop. In the Infosys case, B439 units used 4-inch ports before later projects moved to the larger B649. SWEP's public application page does not provide one universal capacity because duty depends on plate count, flow, temperatures, fluid, and pressure loss. Buyers should obtain the exact article and plate count, certified selection, materials and brazing alloy, design pressure, approach temperature, pressure drop, fouling allowance, water-quality limits, parallel-unit balancing, isolation, strainers, flushing and chemical-cleaning procedure, leak detection, replacement clearance, and lead time. A case-study port size identifies an installed configuration, not the port, plate count, or flow appropriate for a new project. Brazed construction is compact and has no service gaskets, but individual plates cannot simply be added or replaced on site like a gasketed frame. The design should therefore establish the complete cleaning and replacement strategy before award. Require duty at normal, peak, minimum-flow, fouled, and failure cases; verify fluid velocity and erosion limits; and specify drains, vents, temperature and pressure instrumentation, sampling, isolation, lifting, and parallel-unit flow balance. Rated capacity, installed cost, and maintenance history remain undisclosed.
    • Field updateddescription: The B649 is a large single-phase brazed plate heat exchanger that SWEP positions for close temperature approaches and high operating pressure. SWEP lists it for data-center free cooling and coolant distribution units and documents multiple B649 units with 6-inch ports and 350 m³/h flow each at Infosys's Hyderabad campus. That case flow is not a universal maximum or thermal rating. Procurement should specify the exact article, plate count, duty and off-design cases, fluid and chemistry, approach, pressure drop, design pressure, brazing alloy and plate material, fouling allowance, strainers, parallel-flow distribution, isolation, cleaning limits, leak and cross-contamination detection, replacement access, and whether modular redundancy is preferable to one large exchanger. → The B649 is a large single-phase brazed plate heat exchanger that SWEP positions for close temperature approaches and high operating pressure. SWEP lists it for data-center free cooling and coolant distribution units and documents multiple B649 units with 6-inch ports and 350 m³/h flow each at Infosys's Hyderabad campus. That case flow is not a universal maximum or thermal rating. Procurement should specify the exact article, plate count, duty and off-design cases, fluid and chemistry, approach, pressure drop, design pressure, brazing alloy and plate material, fouling allowance, strainers, parallel-flow distribution, isolation, cleaning limits, leak and cross-contamination detection, replacement access, and whether modular redundancy is preferable to one large exchanger. The Hyderabad reference demonstrates operation in a named data center but does not disclose unit count, temperatures, approach, pressure loss, plate count, water analysis, or measured savings. Those missing conditions prevent direct reuse of the reported flow as a design basis. A new selection should include clean and fouled guarantees, minimum and maximum flow, transient limits, allowable pressure differential, venting and draining, instrumentation, sampling, flushing, and chemical-cleaning compatibility. Because a brazed unit is not field-expandable or conventionally regasketed, buyers should price installed isolation, lifting and replacement space, spare strategy, and lead time alongside first cost and footprint.
    • Field updateddescription: The CTFP is a TORRAVAL Cooling open-circuit tower with its mechanical equipment and fan positioned at the base in a forced-draft arrangement. MITA Group's Barcelona data-center case identifies sixteen CTFP 2436 units with laminar fill, selected in part to manage rooftop space and sound; it does not publish a current family capacity table or the water temperatures behind that selection. Open-circuit operation exposes circulating condenser water directly to air, providing wet-bulb-based heat rejection while making water chemistry, drift, hygiene, and plume active operating responsibilities. Buyers should request the current model schedule, guaranteed thermal duty and fan power at design wet bulb, flow and pressure, sound spectrum, materials, drift rate, water treatment and blowdown, basin heating and freeze plan, redundancy, fan access, structural and seismic loads, plume analysis, controls, and service coverage. → The CTFP is a TORRAVAL Cooling open-circuit tower with its mechanical equipment and fan positioned at the base in a forced-draft arrangement. MITA Group's Barcelona data-center case identifies sixteen CTFP 2436 units with laminar fill, selected in part to manage rooftop space and sound; it does not publish a current family capacity table or the water temperatures behind that selection. Open-circuit operation exposes circulating condenser water directly to air, providing wet-bulb-based heat rejection while making water chemistry, drift, hygiene, and plume active operating responsibilities. Buyers should request the current model schedule, guaranteed thermal duty and fan power at design wet bulb, flow and pressure, sound spectrum, materials, drift rate, water treatment and blowdown, basin heating and freeze plan, redundancy, fan access, structural and seismic loads, plume analysis, controls, and service coverage. The case-study source is sufficient to establish a deployed model, but not a complete current catalog range or performance map. Its stated 15 kW figure is not used here as thermal capacity because the same case describes a multi-megawatt facility and does not clearly define that number's boundary. Qualification should resolve that ambiguity directly with the supplier and use a certified selection instead. It should also address forced-draft recirculation risk, two-row interaction, intake and discharge clearance, fan and motor replacement, rooftop vibration, maintenance walkway loads, drift deposition, visible plume, chemical storage, blowdown permits, and operation after one tower cell or common utility is unavailable.
    • Field updateddescription: The MCC is a closed-circuit evaporative tower: process water or water-glycol remains inside a coil while a separate basin-water circuit sprays the coil and rejects heat through evaporation. MITA publishes an indicative 80 kW to 1.7 MW per-machine range at a 5°C thermal gradient on the current product page, while its 2025 range brochure lists configurations extending to approximately 3.8 MW; a selected model and rating basis are therefore necessary before comparison. The closed circuit protects process-fluid chemistry but does not eliminate tower-water treatment, drift, hygiene, freezing, fan, pump, or coil-maintenance duties. Buyers should verify duty at design wet bulb, approach, process flow and pressure drop, coil material and design pressure, spray-water quality and consumption, fan and pump power, plume and sound, drift eliminators, free-cooling controls, freeze protection, redundancy, cleanability, inspection access, shipping sections, and local certification. → The MCC is a closed-circuit evaporative tower: process water or water-glycol remains inside a coil while a separate basin-water circuit sprays the coil and rejects heat through evaporation. MITA publishes an indicative 80 kW to 1.7 MW per-machine range at a 5°C thermal gradient on the current product page, while its 2025 range brochure lists configurations extending to approximately 3.8 MW; a selected model and rating basis are therefore necessary before comparison. The closed circuit protects process-fluid chemistry but does not eliminate tower-water treatment, drift, hygiene, freezing, fan, pump, or coil-maintenance duties. Buyers should verify duty at design wet bulb, approach, process flow and pressure drop, coil material and design pressure, spray-water quality and consumption, fan and pump power, plume and sound, drift eliminators, free-cooling controls, freeze protection, redundancy, cleanability, inspection access, shipping sections, and local certification. The difference between the current page's 1.7 MW endpoint and the broader 2025 brochure range is a qualification issue, not a basis for selecting the higher value automatically. The supplier should identify the exact model, catalog revision, rating condition, number of cells, and whether accessories change capacity. Procurement should request separate process-fluid and spray-water schedules, annual and peak makeup, evaporation, drift and blowdown, coil inspection and cleaning procedures, basin access, water-treatment limits, winter dry or free-cooling sequence, and output with a spray pump, fan, or cell unavailable. Public material does not disclose project price, annual utilities, lead time, or fleet reliability.
    • Field updateddescription: ETI-Z is a variable-speed centrifugal chiller family from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems. The company publishes 150–700 RT, a built-in inverter panel, and HFO-1233zd(E) refrigerant with stated GWP 1 and zero ozone-depletion potential. MHI identifies centrifugal chillers for continuous chilled-water supply in data centers, but does not publish one data-center design point for this range on the product page. A buyer should obtain AHRI or locally certified performance at actual chilled- and condenser-water temperatures, full and integrated part-load energy, surge and minimum-load limits, starting and harmonic data, refrigerant availability, tube materials and cleaning, controls, restart timing, vibration and sound, failure modes, factory testing, and regional service. → ETI-Z is a variable-speed centrifugal chiller family from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems. The company publishes 150–700 RT, a built-in inverter panel, and HFO-1233zd(E) refrigerant with stated GWP 1 and zero ozone-depletion potential. MHI identifies centrifugal chillers for continuous chilled-water supply in data centers, but does not publish one data-center design point for this range on the product page. A buyer should obtain AHRI or locally certified performance at actual chilled- and condenser-water temperatures, full and integrated part-load energy, surge and minimum-load limits, starting and harmonic data, refrigerant availability, tube materials and cleaning, controls, restart timing, vibration and sound, failure modes, factory testing, and regional service. Refrigerant GWP and capacity range do not establish lifecycle emissions or operating cost; leakage, electricity source, load profile, tower operation, and maintenance all matter. The proposal should identify the exact model and refrigerant charge, compressor and drive topology, motor voltage, harmonic mitigation, minimum condenser-water temperature, turndown, oil-system requirements if any, heat-exchanger fouling factors, relief and detection provisions, and response to loss of flow or power. Data-center qualification also needs guaranteed fast-restart behavior, capacity after an internal fault, controls integration and cybersecurity, tube-cleaning clearances, local parts stocking, service response, and a witnessed test at representative conditions.
    • Field updateddescription: GART-ZE and GART-ZEI are Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems centrifugal chiller families for larger plants. MHI publishes 300–5,000 RT, HFO-1234ze(E), constant-speed and inverter drive choices, and applicability to low-temperature, heat-recovery, and heat-pump duties. The supplier describes high rated and part-load performance but the public page does not provide the standardized values needed to compare a selected data-center machine. Procurement should require certified schedules at all expected loads and condenser-water temperatures, the exact drive and compressor arrangement, minimum stable load, surge protection, refrigerant quantity and service path, electrical starting and harmonics, tube and water-side design, heat-recovery conditions, controls, redundancy and failure derating, sound, factory testing, shipping splits, and local service. → GART-ZE and GART-ZEI are Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems centrifugal chiller families for larger plants. MHI publishes 300–5,000 RT, HFO-1234ze(E), constant-speed and inverter drive choices, and applicability to low-temperature, heat-recovery, and heat-pump duties. The supplier describes high rated and part-load performance but the public page does not provide the standardized values needed to compare a selected data-center machine. Procurement should require certified schedules at all expected loads and condenser-water temperatures, the exact drive and compressor arrangement, minimum stable load, surge protection, refrigerant quantity and service path, electrical starting and harmonics, tube and water-side design, heat-recovery conditions, controls, redundancy and failure derating, sound, factory testing, shipping splits, and local service. The 300–5,000 RT range spans machines with materially different plant, electrical, transport, and service consequences. Buyers should not assume the constant-speed and inverter variants share part-load performance, starting demand, harmonic profile, or minimum-load behavior. A bid should identify the selected drive, compressor count, motor voltage, refrigerant charge, vessel arrangement, tube metallurgy, cleaning space, fouling basis, pressure drops, condenser-water envelope, and relief and leak-detection requirements. If heat recovery is proposed, require simultaneous cooling and heating performance at the actual temperatures and a fallback heat-rejection path. Published material leaves model price, delivery, reliability, and data-center operating results unknown.
    • Field updateddescription: The TR2-FC-G04-Z is an outdoor chilled-water unit designed for hyperscale and colocation data centers. Mitsubishi Electric publishes 840–1,800 kW, oil-free centrifugal compressors, R1234ze refrigerant, 910 mm EC fans, a flooded shell-and-tube evaporator, and total free-cooling, hybrid, and mechanical modes; an NG configuration avoids glycol in the user circuit. The manufacturer also states support for chilled water up to 26°C and a 20 K temperature difference, but a selected unit must be checked at the actual climate and load. Buyers should model compressor-off hours, fan energy, glycol or no-glycol freeze strategy, capacity at peak ambient, circuit and fan redundancy, fast restart, dual-power options, sound, water pressure drop, controls, refrigerant service, coil cleaning, footprint, and failure derating. → The TR2-FC-G04-Z is an outdoor chilled-water unit designed for hyperscale and colocation data centers. Mitsubishi Electric publishes 840–1,800 kW, oil-free centrifugal compressors, R1234ze refrigerant, 910 mm EC fans, a flooded shell-and-tube evaporator, and total free-cooling, hybrid, and mechanical modes; an NG configuration avoids glycol in the user circuit. The manufacturer also states support for chilled water up to 26°C and a 20 K temperature difference, but a selected unit must be checked at the actual climate and load. Buyers should model compressor-off hours, fan energy, glycol or no-glycol freeze strategy, capacity at peak ambient, circuit and fan redundancy, fast restart, dual-power options, sound, water pressure drop, controls, refrigerant service, coil cleaning, footprint, and failure derating. Warm-water and high-temperature-difference capability can reduce flow or compressor hours only if the downstream air handlers, coolant distribution units, controls, and information-technology equipment accept those conditions. The annual model should therefore use the complete loop, site weather, phased compute load, and selected NG or glycol configuration. Procurement should require transition behavior among all three modes, outlet-temperature stability during fan and compressor staging, restart after short and extended outages, output after loss of a circuit or power source, low-load operation, acoustic limits, control-network loss response, coil fouling allowance, maintenance clearances, and factory acceptance criteria.
    • Field updateddescription: MEHITS identifies the i-FX-G01-DC-Z as a data-center-specific member of the Climaveneta air-cooled chiller range. Its official data-center article says the DC versions use elevated water setpoints up to 75°F, or 24°C, to reduce compressor load when the server and room systems can accept warmer water. The article does not disclose this exact variant's capacity range, refrigerant, compressor count, free-cooling coil, efficiency, dimensions, sound, or redundancy, so those fields remain unfilled rather than borrowed from a related i-FX model. A buyer should obtain the current technical data sheet and certified selection, then verify warm-water capacity, peak-ambient derating, compressor and fan redundancy, minimum load, refrigerant, restart, harmonics, sound, controls, coil cleaning, freeze protection, water pressure drop, service access, and regional availability. → MEHITS identifies the i-FX-G01-DC-Z as a data-center-specific member of the Climaveneta air-cooled chiller range. Its official data-center article says the DC versions use elevated water setpoints up to 75°F, or 24°C, to reduce compressor load when the server and room systems can accept warmer water. The article does not disclose this exact variant's capacity range, refrigerant, compressor count, free-cooling coil, efficiency, dimensions, sound, or redundancy, so those fields remain unfilled rather than borrowed from a related i-FX model. A buyer should obtain the current technical data sheet and certified selection, then verify warm-water capacity, peak-ambient derating, compressor and fan redundancy, minimum load, refrigerant, restart, harmonics, sound, controls, coil cleaning, freeze protection, water pressure drop, service access, and regional availability. The model designation should be confirmed in the current sales region before it appears in a final equipment schedule, because the cited page supplies less detail than the other product sources in this batch. Qualification should require manufacturer-issued dimensions, weights, circuit diagram, electrical schedule, rating standard, performance map, refrigerant data, sound spectrum, operating envelope, options, and certification. The 24°C setpoint is a capability statement, not evidence that a proposed server loop can use it or that compressors remain off. Whole-system modeling and written interface limits are needed, along with price, lead time, warranty, parts, and technician availability.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating, based on Smardt's report of early commissioning with stable operation and efficiency. The unnamed New York-region operator required two replacement AD120 water-cooled chillers, each configured with three TT350 oil-free magnetic-bearing compressors, while preserving a fixed commissioning schedule. Smardt says one unit was damaged in third-party transit and that it reorganized production and sourcing to deliver a replacement in three months; this is useful evidence of project response, but the account remains supplier-authored and the operator is not named. Public material does not disclose cooling capacity, water temperatures, refrigerant, measured efficiency, redundancy at design load, acceptance criteria, rack density, compute platform, final commissioning date, or long-term operating results, so buyers should treat it as a delivery reference and request an operator contact and acceptance data. → Status: operating, based on Smardt's report of early commissioning with stable operation and efficiency. The unnamed New York-region operator required two replacement AD120 water-cooled chillers, each configured with three TT350 oil-free magnetic-bearing compressors, while preserving a fixed commissioning schedule. Smardt says one unit was damaged in third-party transit and that it reorganized production and sourcing to deliver a replacement in three months; this is useful evidence of project response, but the account remains supplier-authored and the operator is not named. Public material does not disclose cooling capacity, water temperatures, refrigerant, measured efficiency, redundancy at design load, acceptance criteria, rack density, compute platform, final commissioning date, or long-term operating results, so buyers should treat it as a delivery reference and request an operator contact and acceptance data. The record is strongest as evidence of factory and supply-chain response after transport damage, not as a thermal-performance benchmark. “Stable efficiency” is not accompanied by a rating method, measured kilowatts per ton, load point, condenser-water condition, observation period, or independent witness. Due diligence should ask whether both chillers reached final acceptance, whether the damaged machine was rebuilt or replaced, what commissioning defects remained, and whether the three-month statement ran from authorization to factory shipment or site operation. A reference call should also cover packaging and transport controls, spare compressors and electronics, startup staffing, alarm and controls integration, restart tests, maintenance access, and service response. For design comparison, request the exact AD120 selection, certified duty, electrical demand, refrigerant, dimensions, operating hours, availability, and capacity after one compressor, one chiller, or a supporting plant component is unavailable.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating, based on BAC's statement that the installed HXV system delivered water temperatures meeting the customer's specification and supported the information-technology load. The company says the 160 MW operating-power high-performance-computing customer previously used open cooling towers with water-cooled chillers and selected HXV hybrid coolers to combine dry and evaporative operation without chillers. BAC's case study reports comparative estimates and savings, but the operator and location are withheld and no independent meter data, equipment count, water temperatures, weather file, baseline boundary, commissioning report, or observation period is published. The record therefore establishes a real supplier-documented deployment and architecture, not independently verified PUE, WUE, energy, water, or cost performance; procurement teams should request the underlying model, measured post-commissioning data, and a customer reference. → Status: operating, based on BAC's statement that the installed HXV system delivered water temperatures meeting the customer's specification and supported the information-technology load. The company says the 160 MW operating-power high-performance-computing customer previously used open cooling towers with water-cooled chillers and selected HXV hybrid coolers to combine dry and evaporative operation without chillers. BAC's case study reports comparative estimates and savings, but the operator and location are withheld and no independent meter data, equipment count, water temperatures, weather file, baseline boundary, commissioning report, or observation period is published. The record therefore establishes a real supplier-documented deployment and architecture, not independently verified PUE, WUE, energy, water, or cost performance; procurement teams should request the underlying model, measured post-commissioning data, and a customer reference. The stated 160 MW is customer operating power, not a published tower thermal duty, and should not be used to infer equipment quantity or unit size. The case also does not say whether the HXV system serves the entire campus, one phase, or a defined subset of load. Qualification should request the exact baseline and proposed system boundaries, hourly weather and load assumptions, dry, evaporative, and combined mode hours, makeup and blowdown, fan and pump energy, leaving-water temperatures, reserve criterion, and hot-day capacity. Operators should ask how the plant responds to water restrictions, poor water quality, plume conditions, freezing weather, a fan or spray-pump failure, and loss of common controls. Acceptance records and at least one year of utility and maintenance data would be more decision-useful than supplier percentage claims alone.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Güntner says a data center run by an unnamed large Chinese e-commerce company has used two-phase immersion cooling in Zhangjiakou since 2017, with four V-shape VARIO dry coolers and hydroBLU adiabatic assistance providing 1,060 kW aggregate heat-rejection capacity. The architecture condenses vapor inside the immersion chambers and transfers that heat to the outdoor coolers; water is used for adiabatic assistance only when ambient conditions require it, according to the supplier. Güntner also reports large energy and cost savings versus conventional systems, but does not name the operator, publish the baseline, equipment schedule, water use, weather normalization, raw metering, rack density, compute platform, availability, or independent verification. Buyers can use the case to validate architecture and scale, but should request site contacts and measured annual fan, pump, and water data. → Status: operating. Güntner says a data center run by an unnamed large Chinese e-commerce company has used two-phase immersion cooling in Zhangjiakou since 2017, with four V-shape VARIO dry coolers and hydroBLU adiabatic assistance providing 1,060 kW aggregate heat-rejection capacity. The architecture condenses vapor inside the immersion chambers and transfers that heat to the outdoor coolers; water is used for adiabatic assistance only when ambient conditions require it, according to the supplier. Güntner also reports large energy and cost savings versus conventional systems, but does not name the operator, publish the baseline, equipment schedule, water use, weather normalization, raw metering, rack density, compute platform, availability, or independent verification. Buyers can use the case to validate architecture and scale, but should request site contacts and measured annual fan, pump, and water data. The evidence does not establish whether 1,060 kW is installed nameplate, design-day duty, or measured rejected heat, nor does it disclose the fluid temperatures, glycol, approach to ambient, fan power, or reserve margin. Four units may provide staging, but their N, N+1, or other resilience role is not stated. A comparable-project review should ask for the selected model and fan configuration, hydroBLU activation threshold, annual and peak water use, pad maintenance and treatment, dry-only output, winter sequence, alarm history, coil cleaning, and capacity after one cooler or common pump loop is lost. Immersion-system due diligence also needs the intermediate exchanger and pump boundary, because outdoor cooler performance alone does not validate chamber condensation, dielectric-fluid compatibility, server service procedures, or end-to-end cooling availability.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. SWEP reports that Infosys and project design lead Schneider Electric developed several data-center cooling projects between 2016 and 2020 using B439 and B649 brazed plate heat exchangers to separate primary cooling sources from the secondary loop. At the Hyderabad campus, multiple B649 units have 6-inch ports and a reported flow of 350 m³/h each; SWEP says the units were running without problems when the case was published. The named operator, design partner, product models, hydraulic role, period, and per-unit flow make this a useful deployment reference. Evidence remains supplier-authored, however, and public material does not disclose unit count, thermal megawatts, temperatures, pressure drop, rack density, compute platform, PUE, measured savings, maintenance history, or independent acceptance data. → Status: operating. SWEP reports that Infosys and project design lead Schneider Electric developed several data-center cooling projects between 2016 and 2020 using B439 and B649 brazed plate heat exchangers to separate primary cooling sources from the secondary loop. At the Hyderabad campus, multiple B649 units have 6-inch ports and a reported flow of 350 m³/h each; SWEP says the units were running without problems when the case was published. The named operator, design partner, product models, hydraulic role, period, and per-unit flow make this a useful deployment reference. Evidence remains supplier-authored, however, and public material does not disclose unit count, thermal megawatts, temperatures, pressure drop, rack density, compute platform, PUE, measured savings, maintenance history, or independent acceptance data. Flow is not thermal capacity without inlet and outlet temperatures and fluid properties, so the reported 350 m³/h must not be converted into megawatts from assumptions. The phrase “without any problems” also lacks an operating period, availability definition, alarm log, leakage history, fouling trend, or maintenance record. Buyer reference questions should cover exact article numbers and plate counts, water chemistry on both sides, approach temperature, pressure loss, pump energy, strainer and filtration practice, cleaning frequency, isolation and bypass, spare units, and the method for detecting internal cross-contamination. The design team should ask how parallel exchangers are balanced, what capacity remains during cleaning or replacement, whether performance was field verified, and which measured savings Infosys attributed specifically to the exchangers rather than to the wider cooling design.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating, based on MITA Group's 2023 case study describing the completed supply and the towers' role in maintaining equipment performance. TORRAVAL Cooling, a MITA Group company, supplied sixteen CTFP 2436 forced-draft open-circuit towers with laminar fill for a large Barcelona data-processing center operated for an international information-technology company. The source states a 20 MW required load expandable to 40 MW plus 5 MW of emergency supply; it does not explain whether those values are information-technology, electrical, or thermal capacity, so this record preserves the source wording rather than converting them into cooling duty. The rooftop towers were arranged in two facing rows to use limited space and support acoustic control, with maintenance walkways and ladders included. Public evidence does not name the operator or installer, disclose tower water temperatures and flow, measured energy or water use, redundancy, commissioning tests, rack density, compute platform, availability, or an operator-authored account, so buyers should request the approved schedule, acceptance data, annual operating records, and a reference contact. → Status: operating, based on MITA Group's 2023 case study describing the completed supply and the towers' role in maintaining equipment performance. TORRAVAL Cooling, a MITA Group company, supplied sixteen CTFP 2436 forced-draft open-circuit towers with laminar fill for a large Barcelona data-processing center operated for an international information-technology company. The source states a 20 MW required load expandable to 40 MW plus 5 MW of emergency supply; it does not explain whether those values are information-technology, electrical, or thermal capacity, so this record preserves the source wording rather than converting them into cooling duty. The rooftop towers were arranged in two facing rows to use limited space and support acoustic control, with maintenance walkways and ladders included. Public evidence does not name the operator or installer, disclose tower water temperatures and flow, measured energy or water use, redundancy, commissioning tests, rack density, compute platform, availability, or an operator-authored account, so buyers should request the approved schedule, acceptance data, annual operating records, and a reference contact. The case's separate 15 kW statement for each tower is not treated as heat-rejection capacity here because its meaning is unclear against the cited multi-megawatt requirement; it may describe installed motor power, but the source does not say. That ambiguity should be resolved from the equipment schedule rather than inferred. Qualification should request design wet bulb, hot- and cold-water temperatures, cell flow, fan power, drift, evaporation and blowdown, cycles of concentration, sound measurements, plume review, chemical treatment, hygiene plan, rooftop vibration and structural reactions, and capacity with one cell or common pump unavailable. It should also confirm whether the expansion allowance was physically installed, reserved in the layout, or only a future design intention.
    • Field updateddescription: CPC, or Colder Products Company, is a component supplier rather than a complete rack-cooling integrator. Its Everis range covers latched and blind-mate quick disconnects from server-level connections toward larger rack-loop interfaces, with OCP-oriented UQD models intended to support multi-sourcing. Buyers should select the exact flow size, termination, seal, pressure and coolant combination; a compatible envelope does not establish equal pressure drop, spillage or lifecycle performance across suppliers. CPC publishes useful wetted-material and connection data, but a project submittal should still define cleanliness, mating-cycle testing, allowable side load, replacement policy and responsibility for the assembled hose. The company was founded in Minnesota in 1978, is headquartered in Arden Hills and operates within Dover. → CPC, or Colder Products Company, is a component supplier rather than a complete rack-cooling integrator. Its Everis range covers latched and blind-mate quick disconnects from server-level connections toward larger rack-loop interfaces, with OCP-oriented UQD models intended to support multi-sourcing. Buyers should select the exact flow size, termination, seal, pressure and coolant combination; a compatible envelope does not establish equal pressure drop, spillage or lifecycle performance across suppliers. CPC publishes useful wetted-material and connection data, but a project submittal should still define cleanliness, mating-cycle testing, allowable side load, replacement policy and responsibility for the assembled hose. The company was founded in Minnesota in 1978, is headquartered in Arden Hills and operates within Dover. Procurement should also ask whether CPC or the hose assembler warrants the finished assembly, which inspection records accompany each lot, and whether socket and plug revisions remain backward compatible. Public product pages do not disclose a fleet-wide field-failure rate, a standard preventive-replacement interval, or the complete qualification evidence behind every coolant combination. Those unknowns matter because a nominally interchangeable connector can still differ in insertion force, residual spill, internal volume and pressure loss. A rack mock-up should therefore test access, labeling, connection confirmation and technician removal while adjacent branches remain live.
    • Field updateddescription: Stäubli supplies connection hardware within the liquid loop, not the pumps, cold plates or facility heat rejection around it. Its data-center portfolio includes OCP-oriented UQD and blind-mate UQDB couplings as well as the CGD metal range used by Fujitsu in Fugaku. The published ranges cover several nominal diameters, seal choices and alignment formats, so procurement must identify a complete socket-and-plug combination rather than cite only a family name. Buyers should compare pressure loss at the required flow, drip and air-inclusion limits, allowable misalignment, mating cycles, coolant compatibility and whether a listed approval applies to the exact part number. Founded in 1892, Stäubli remains family owned and is headquartered in Pfäffikon, Switzerland. → Stäubli supplies connection hardware within the liquid loop, not the pumps, cold plates or facility heat rejection around it. Its data-center portfolio includes OCP-oriented UQD and blind-mate UQDB couplings as well as the CGD metal range used by Fujitsu in Fugaku. The published ranges cover several nominal diameters, seal choices and alignment formats, so procurement must identify a complete socket-and-plug combination rather than cite only a family name. Buyers should compare pressure loss at the required flow, drip and air-inclusion limits, allowable misalignment, mating cycles, coolant compatibility and whether a listed approval applies to the exact part number. Founded in 1892, Stäubli remains family owned and is headquartered in Pfäffikon, Switzerland. The Fugaku reference demonstrates scale and hot-swap use, but it does not publish the selected CGD size, coolant chemistry, observed leak rate or replacement history. A new buyer should request test reports for both mating halves, tolerance data for the actual blind-mate guide system, and confirmation that seals, lubricants and surface finishes comply with the server vendor's water-quality rules. The commercial review should identify regional stocking, special tooling, lot traceability and the party responsible when a coupling, hose or manifold interface causes an imbalance. Multi-source claims should be verified through cross-mating tests under pressure rather than dimensional drawings alone.
    • Field updateddescription: Parker Hannifin offers fluid-conveyance components from coolant-distribution units through manifolds and cold plates. The two linked distribution-manifold families are built for industrial liquid, gas, steam and hydraulic service rather than advertised as ready-made rack manifolds. They are included because they show Parker's configurable 316-stainless distribution hardware, but using one in a technology-coolant loop would require project qualification for flow balance, cleanliness, glycol chemistry, branch connections, pressure drop and service clearances. Parker separately markets OCP-oriented quick disconnects, tubing, hoses and valves for data-center liquid cooling. The broad catalog can reduce component handoffs, but it does not create a pre-qualified rack-loop assembly or a single performance warranty. Parker is headquartered in Cleveland and trades on the New York Stock Exchange. → Parker Hannifin offers fluid-conveyance components from coolant-distribution units through manifolds and cold plates. The two linked distribution-manifold families are built for industrial liquid, gas, steam and hydraulic service rather than advertised as ready-made rack manifolds. They are included because they show Parker's configurable 316-stainless distribution hardware, but using one in a technology-coolant loop would require project qualification for flow balance, cleanliness, glycol chemistry, branch connections, pressure drop and service clearances. Parker separately markets OCP-oriented quick disconnects, tubing, hoses and valves for data-center liquid cooling. The broad catalog can reduce component handoffs, but it does not create a pre-qualified rack-loop assembly or a single performance warranty. Parker is headquartered in Cleveland and trades on the New York Stock Exchange. A buyer should require Parker to identify which division owns the submitted assembly and whether the industrial manifold catalog can be adapted without invalidating data-center cleanliness or material requirements. The public sources do not publish rack dimensions, branch Cv values, internal volume, flushing procedures or an OCP qualification for HPAHM or HPAHMC. Engineering review should also resolve how isolation valves, quick disconnects, drains, vents and sensors are combined, and whether full-penetration weld and non-destructive-test records are supplied. Any proposal should name one integrator responsible for branch balancing, hydrostatic testing and warranty coordination across Parker components.
    • Field updateddescription: USystems concentrates on close-coupled air-assisted liquid cooling. Its ColdLogik rear doors replace or attach to a rack rear door, transfer server exhaust heat to water and return near-room-temperature air without requiring processor cold plates. That can preserve standard server service procedures, but door weight, rack fit, fan interaction, condensation margin and facility-water availability remain project constraints. The linked CL20 and CL23 span medium- through very-high-density duties; their headline capacities use stated water conditions and should not be carried into a design without a project-specific coil, airflow and redundancy calculation. USystems publishes named installations at DataBank, Cambridge and other sites. It was established in 2003, operates from Bedford in the United Kingdom and is now a Legrand brand. → USystems concentrates on close-coupled air-assisted liquid cooling. Its ColdLogik rear doors replace or attach to a rack rear door, transfer server exhaust heat to water and return near-room-temperature air without requiring processor cold plates. That can preserve standard server service procedures, but door weight, rack fit, fan interaction, condensation margin and facility-water availability remain project constraints. The linked CL20 and CL23 span medium- through very-high-density duties; their headline capacities use stated water conditions and should not be carried into a design without a project-specific coil, airflow and redundancy calculation. USystems publishes named installations at DataBank, Cambridge and other sites. It was established in 2003, operates from Bedford in the United Kingdom and is now a Legrand brand. Buyers should request capacity tables across inlet-water temperatures, server airflow and altitude, together with fan power, water-side pressure loss, sound and failure-mode data. A retrofit survey should confirm hinge loads, cabinet adapter frames, aisle clearance, hose bend radius, leak detection and how a loaded door is supported during server service. Public references do not disclose standardized installed cost, fleet-wide fan or valve failure rates, or current measured annual efficiency. Contracts should state whether USystems, the rack supplier or the mechanical contractor owns controls integration, condensation avoidance and cooling continuity when one door is opened or isolated.
    • Field updateddescription: Grundfos operates mainly on the facility-water side of the cooling chain. Its data-center references cover split-case and end-suction pumps, controls and the MIXIT mixing-loop package used with direct-to-chip cooling at NorthC. Pump selection must be made at the actual duty point: flow, head, fluid temperature, glycol concentration, redundancy and control strategy determine energy use and whether the pump remains within an efficient operating region. The linked KPVS and NBG records illustrate two plant arrangements rather than rack-integrated pumps. Buyers should request certified curves, minimum-flow limits, motor and drive data, seal materials, service clearance, vibration criteria and a staged-control sequence. Grundfos was founded in 1945, is headquartered in Bjerringbro and is primarily owned by the Grundfos Foundation. → Grundfos operates mainly on the facility-water side of the cooling chain. Its data-center references cover split-case and end-suction pumps, controls and the MIXIT mixing-loop package used with direct-to-chip cooling at NorthC. Pump selection must be made at the actual duty point: flow, head, fluid temperature, glycol concentration, redundancy and control strategy determine energy use and whether the pump remains within an efficient operating region. The linked KPVS and NBG records illustrate two plant arrangements rather than rack-integrated pumps. Buyers should request certified curves, minimum-flow limits, motor and drive data, seal materials, service clearance, vibration criteria and a staged-control sequence. Grundfos was founded in 1945, is headquartered in Bjerringbro and is primarily owned by the Grundfos Foundation. Procurement should model the full operating map as racks are commissioned, because a pump selected for ultimate build-out may spend early years far from its best-efficiency region. The submittal should show net positive suction head margin, parallel-pump stability, motor and drive efficiency, harmonic treatment and restart behavior after a power interruption. Public case studies report project outcomes but do not provide raw trend data, standardized measurement boundaries or fleet-wide reliability. Buyers should therefore seek witnessed factory tests, recent references at comparable flow and fluid conditions, stocked critical spares and a clear division of responsibility between pump controls and the site building-automation system.
    • Field updateddescription: Armstrong Fluid Technology supplies pumps and plant controls rather than server cold plates or rack manifolds. Its vertical in-line architecture is intended to reduce mechanical-room floor and piping requirements, while Design Envelope variants add variable-speed controls and communications. Armstrong also packages complete chilled-water plant rooms, as documented at Digital Realty HKG10. That broader delivery can reduce field integration, but buyers should separate factory-package performance from an individual pump's published maximum envelope. Selection still requires project flow and head, fluid properties, motor efficiency, control sequence, N+1 arrangement, minimum flow, service isolation and witnessed factory testing. Armstrong was founded in Toronto in 1934 and maintains its head office there. → Armstrong Fluid Technology supplies pumps and plant controls rather than server cold plates or rack manifolds. Its vertical in-line architecture is intended to reduce mechanical-room floor and piping requirements, while Design Envelope variants add variable-speed controls and communications. Armstrong also packages complete chilled-water plant rooms, as documented at Digital Realty HKG10. That broader delivery can reduce field integration, but buyers should separate factory-package performance from an individual pump's published maximum envelope. Selection still requires project flow and head, fluid properties, motor efficiency, control sequence, N+1 arrangement, minimum flow, service isolation and witnessed factory testing. Armstrong was founded in Toronto in 1934 and maintains its head office there. Buyers should ask for wire-to-water performance over the expected annual load distribution, not only hydraulic efficiency at one point. A vertical in-line layout can save floor area, but the design must still demonstrate pipe-load limits, vibration control, lifting access and isolation for motor or seal replacement. The public HKG10 material does not disclose installed pump models, tonnage, commissioning data or current operating efficiency. Procurement should require controls-point lists, cybersecurity and network ownership, failure and restart sequences, spare-drive strategy and performance guarantees tied to stated water temperatures, glycol percentage and sensor accuracy.
    • Field updateddescription: Belimo supplies hydronic control devices, not complete cooling loops. Its Energy Valve combines a pressure-independent valve, ultrasonic flow measurement, temperature sensors and control logic; EPIV provides electronic pressure-independent flow control without the same energy-metering feature set. Belimo explicitly positions these devices for coolant distribution units, cold plates, rear-door exchangers, two-phase condensers, computer-room air handlers and fan walls. Buyers must size the valve for the real flow range and available differential pressure, then verify glycol correction, sensor accuracy, fail position, network integration and cybersecurity. A large valve that spends most of its life near minimum controllable flow can undermine the promised control quality. Belimo was founded in 1975, is headquartered in Hinwil and is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. → Belimo supplies hydronic control devices, not complete cooling loops. Its Energy Valve combines a pressure-independent valve, ultrasonic flow measurement, temperature sensors and control logic; EPIV provides electronic pressure-independent flow control without the same energy-metering feature set. Belimo explicitly positions these devices for coolant distribution units, cold plates, rear-door exchangers, two-phase condensers, computer-room air handlers and fan walls. Buyers must size the valve for the real flow range and available differential pressure, then verify glycol correction, sensor accuracy, fail position, network integration and cybersecurity. A large valve that spends most of its life near minimum controllable flow can undermine the promised control quality. Belimo was founded in 1975, is headquartered in Hinwil and is listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange. The controls narrative should specify whether the building system commands position, flow, differential pressure or thermal power, and what local fallback applies after communications loss. Commissioning should verify meter accuracy with the actual glycol concentration, straight-pipe conditions and temperature-sensor placement. Public pages do not disclose long-duration data-center failure rates or one standard configuration for every rack loop; Belimo directs liquid-cooling users to its data-center team. Buyers should also define firmware management, credential ownership, cloud connectivity, trend retention, alarm routing, actuator replacement and how valve data is reconciled with CDU and facility meters.
    • Field updateddescription: Wieland's electronics-cooling business supplies cold plates rather than complete data-center loops. Its standard 4000-series plates use friction-stir-welded construction and Micro Deformation Technology pin-fin fields; custom programs can change the footprint and internal geometry for a particular heat map. The linked products are general thermal interfaces, not evidence of qualification for a named CPU, GPU or server. Buyers should provide the actual component package, heat flux, mounting load, inlet temperature, allowable pressure drop, coolant chemistry and leak-test requirement, then assign responsibility for hoses, quick disconnects and the rack manifold. Published drawings are useful for mechanical screening but do not replace a thermal validation report. Wieland was founded in Ulm in 1820 and remains headquartered there. → Wieland's electronics-cooling business supplies cold plates rather than complete data-center loops. Its standard 4000-series plates use friction-stir-welded construction and Micro Deformation Technology pin-fin fields; custom programs can change the footprint and internal geometry for a particular heat map. The linked products are general thermal interfaces, not evidence of qualification for a named CPU, GPU or server. Buyers should provide the actual component package, heat flux, mounting load, inlet temperature, allowable pressure drop, coolant chemistry and leak-test requirement, then assign responsibility for hoses, quick disconnects and the rack manifold. Published drawings are useful for mechanical screening but do not replace a thermal validation report. Wieland was founded in Ulm in 1820 and remains headquartered there. A qualification plan should include thermal mapping, flow distribution, pressure cycling, proof and burst tests, corrosion exposure, flatness after joining and inspection of the friction-stir weld. The public drawings do not state heat capacity, thermal resistance, pressure drop, proof pressure or the complete wetted-material stack for the two linked parts. Buyers should ask which dimensions are standard versus customizable, what design change triggers requalification, and whether serial traceability and cleanliness certificates accompany production units. Server warranty, mounting hardware and interface-material responsibility must also be assigned explicitly.
    • Field updatedsources: {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/about/the-company/company-profile","title":"Wieland company profile","publisher":"Wieland"}, {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/products/electronics-cooling","title":"Electronics cooling","publisher":"Wieland"} → {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/about/the-company/company-profile","title":"Wieland company profile","publisher":"Wieland"}, {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/products/electronics-cooling","title":"Wieland Electronics Cooling","publisher":"Wieland"}
    • Field updateddescription: UQD02 is CPC's compact latched coupling for server and cold-plate branches. CPC specifies 303 stainless-steel main housings, EPDM seals, stainless wetted springs, non-spill shutoff and barbed or threaded terminations. Its OCP-oriented interface can simplify multi-vendor sourcing, but buyers should verify the exact revision, mating half and approved coolant rather than assuming every UQD-labeled part interchanges. Request the flow-versus-pressure curve, spillage and air-inclusion test conditions, cleanroom or flushing requirement, mating-cycle rating and the assembled hose qualification before release. → UQD02 is CPC's compact latched coupling for server and cold-plate branches. CPC specifies 303 stainless-steel main housings, EPDM seals, stainless wetted springs, non-spill shutoff and barbed or threaded terminations. Its OCP-oriented interface can simplify multi-vendor sourcing, but buyers should verify the exact revision, mating half and approved coolant rather than assuming every UQD-labeled part interchanges. Request the flow-versus-pressure curve, spillage and air-inclusion test conditions, cleanroom or flushing requirement, mating-cycle rating and the assembled hose qualification before release. The public product page does not state one universal operating-pressure range, Cv, cycle life or replacement interval for every UQD02 part number. Procurement should therefore lock the socket, plug, seal and termination as one approved pair and require cross-mating evidence if a second source is planned. The rack qualification should measure branch pressure drop with both couplings installed, confirm that technicians can hear or feel secure engagement, and test disconnection under the permitted pressure. It should also establish dust-cap use, color or keying rules, inspection criteria for damaged latches and the procedure for replacing a coupling without contaminating the server loop.
    • Field updateddescription: The UQD08/UQDB08 family targets the higher-flow rack side of a direct-liquid-cooling loop. CPC describes 304 stainless construction, redundant seals, threaded manifold terminations and a hybrid socket-and-plug format that supports blind-mate integration while retaining OCP-oriented interoperability. The supplier says the current design meets or exceeds OCP version 2 flow requirements, but procurement should tie that claim to the submitted part numbers and test report. Alignment tolerance, support loads, coolant compatibility, pressure drop at design flow, disconnect spillage and replacement access should be checked in the rack mock-up. → The UQD08/UQDB08 family targets the higher-flow rack side of a direct-liquid-cooling loop. CPC describes 304 stainless construction, redundant seals, threaded manifold terminations and a hybrid socket-and-plug format that supports blind-mate integration while retaining OCP-oriented interoperability. The supplier says the current design meets or exceeds OCP version 2 flow requirements, but procurement should tie that claim to the submitted part numbers and test report. Alignment tolerance, support loads, coolant compatibility, pressure drop at design flow, disconnect spillage and replacement access should be checked in the rack mock-up. The public page does not provide a complete pressure-temperature envelope, flow curve, mating-cycle limit or blind-mate side-load allowance for every configuration. Buyers should request dimensional stack-up data for the rack guide system and verify that SAE-10 or SAE-12 terminations, as applicable, match the manifold without adapters that add leak points. Qualification should include repeated misaligned connections, vibration, thermal cycling, pressure decay and coolant aging. Procurement should also define whether a damaged socket can be replaced in place, which spare halves are stocked, and how compatibility is controlled when earlier and version-two components coexist.
    • Field updateddescription: Stäubli's UQD/UQDB family spans nominal diameters from 3 to 10 mm for water-glycol electronic-cooling loops. The supplier publishes a 16 bar maximum allowable pressure, automatic connection, double shutoff and model-specific flows measured with water at 5 m/s. UQDB variants add guided blind-mate alignment. Those family-level values are not a substitute for a selected socket, plug, seal code and termination. Buyers should compare the required coupling force, misalignment, pressure drop, drip volume, air inclusion and mating endurance, and should confirm which product revision is accepted by the server or rack vendor. → Stäubli's UQD/UQDB family spans nominal diameters from 3 to 10 mm for water-glycol electronic-cooling loops. The supplier publishes a 16 bar maximum allowable pressure, automatic connection, double shutoff and model-specific flows measured with water at 5 m/s. UQDB variants add guided blind-mate alignment. Those family-level values are not a substitute for a selected socket, plug, seal code and termination. Buyers should compare the required coupling force, misalignment, pressure drop, drip volume, air inclusion and mating endurance, and should confirm which product revision is accepted by the server or rack vendor. The published flow figures are calculated at a stated water velocity and do not show the full pressure-drop curve or performance with glycol. A submittal should identify wetted materials, seal code, allowable temperature, proof pressure and the exact manual or blind-mate guide hardware. Cross-supplier interchangeability should be demonstrated with the proposed mating halves after pressure, vibration and thermal cycling. Operations teams also need inspection limits for seal or face damage, instructions for depressurization and cleaning, spare-part lead times and a method to prevent inlet and return connections from being reversed.
    • Field updateddescription: CGD is Stäubli's established metal coupling family for electronic thermal management, with nominal diameters of 3, 5, 8 and 12 mm. The socket closes the circuit automatically on disconnection, while the flush face is intended to limit fluid loss and contamination. Fujitsu selected CGD for blade connections in Fugaku, providing a named operating reference, but that does not make every CGD size suitable for a new rack. Selection should cover seal code, coolant, pressure and temperature, connection force, allowable offset, service access and pressure loss across both mating halves. → CGD is Stäubli's established metal coupling family for electronic thermal management, with nominal diameters of 3, 5, 8 and 12 mm. The socket closes the circuit automatically on disconnection, while the flush face is intended to limit fluid loss and contamination. Fujitsu selected CGD for blade connections in Fugaku, providing a named operating reference, but that does not make every CGD size suitable for a new rack. Selection should cover seal code, coolant, pressure and temperature, connection force, allowable offset, service access and pressure loss across both mating halves. Stäubli's brochure lists multiple constructions and seal choices, so the project specification must not treat CGD as one uniform material set. The Fugaku source does not disclose its exact part number, coolant, duty point, observed spill or field-replacement history. Buyers should request model-specific curves and test evidence for pressure cycling, vibration, contaminated faces and repeated hot-swap operations. The mechanical mock-up should verify guide tolerances and connector support so rack or blade weight does not load the coupling. Procedures should define cleaning, cap use, visual rejection criteria and whether neighboring equipment can remain operating during service.
    • Field updateddescription: HPAHM is an industrial distribution manifold, not a purpose-qualified rack manifold. Parker builds it around a thick-gauge 316-stainless body with up to 20 welded Hi-Pro ball-valve outlets and optional integrated A-LOK tube connections. Those features may reduce field joints in a facility or row distribution assembly, but its published pressure envelope is far above a typical technology-coolant loop and its catalog does not claim OCP rack geometry, low pressure drop or coolant cleanliness. A data-center buyer would need a custom hydraulic review covering branch Cv, balancing, dead volume, glycol compatibility, flushing, drain and vent points, mounting, insulation and acceptance testing. → HPAHM is an industrial distribution manifold, not a purpose-qualified rack manifold. Parker builds it around a thick-gauge 316-stainless body with up to 20 welded Hi-Pro ball-valve outlets and optional integrated A-LOK tube connections. Those features may reduce field joints in a facility or row distribution assembly, but its published pressure envelope is far above a typical technology-coolant loop and its catalog does not claim OCP rack geometry, low pressure drop or coolant cleanliness. A data-center buyer would need a custom hydraulic review covering branch Cv, balancing, dead volume, glycol compatibility, flushing, drain and vent points, mounting, insulation and acceptance testing. The catalog states that threaded-manifold pressure can reach 2,785 psi and that flanged ratings depend on flange class; neither value establishes efficient low-pressure coolant distribution. Parker should provide branch and header pressure-drop calculations at the proposed flows, internal-surface and passivation requirements, weld and non-destructive-test records, and a documented cleaning state. The integrator must decide whether the built-in ball valves provide isolation only or acceptable balancing, and should specify sensor ports, high-point vents, low-point drains, labeling and a way to remove one branch without contaminating others.
    • Field updatedsources: {"url":"https://www.parker.com/content/dam/Parker-com/Literature/Instrumentation-Products-Division/Catalogs/Parker_Distribution_Manifolds_4190-DM.pdf","title":"Parker distribution manifolds catalog — HPAHM Series","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"}, {"url":"https://www.parker.com/us/en/additional-information/data-center-cooling.html","title":"Data center liquid cooling solutions","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"} → {"url":"https://www.parker.com/content/dam/Parker-com/Literature/Instrumentation-Products-Division/Catalogs/Parker_Distribution_Manifolds_4190-DM.pdf","title":"Parker Distribution Manifolds Catalog","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"}, {"url":"https://www.parker.com/us/en/additional-information/data-center-cooling.html","title":"Data center liquid cooling solutions","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"}
    • Field updateddescription: HPAHMC retains the welded 316-stainless construction and individually valved branches of HPAHM while Parker reports a 40% shorter and nearly 20% lighter package. The catalog positions it for industrial high-pressure systems, not specifically for rack liquid cooling. Its compact format could be relevant to a row or facility distribution skid, but only after the supplier or integrator demonstrates acceptable pressure drop, flow uniformity, coolant cleanliness and service access at data-center conditions. Buyers should also define branch connection standards, isolation and drain strategy, corrosion controls, factory pressure testing and whether the assembly can be maintained without interrupting adjacent racks. → HPAHMC retains the welded 316-stainless construction and individually valved branches of HPAHM while Parker reports a 40% shorter and nearly 20% lighter package. The catalog positions it for industrial high-pressure systems, not specifically for rack liquid cooling. Its compact format could be relevant to a row or facility distribution skid, but only after the supplier or integrator demonstrates acceptable pressure drop, flow uniformity, coolant cleanliness and service access at data-center conditions. Buyers should also define branch connection standards, isolation and drain strategy, corrosion controls, factory pressure testing and whether the assembly can be maintained without interrupting adjacent racks. The reported size and weight reductions are comparisons with Parker's standard industrial manifold, not with purpose-built data-center rack manifolds. Public information does not give overall dimensions for every outlet count, branch Cv, header volume or a qualified technology-coolant cleanliness level. A project submittal should include a selected general arrangement, mounting reactions, flow modeling, weld traceability and pressure-test acceptance criteria. Operators should verify handle access in the installed orientation, positive branch identification, lockout provisions and enough clearance to service fittings without imposing loads on the header.
    • Field updatedsources: {"url":"https://www.parker.com/content/dam/Parker-com/Literature/Instrumentation-Products-Division/Catalogs/Parker_Distribution_Manifolds_4190-DM.pdf","title":"Parker distribution manifolds catalog — HPAHMC Series","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"}, {"url":"https://www.parker.com/us/en/additional-information/data-center-cooling.html","title":"Data center liquid cooling solutions","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"} → {"url":"https://www.parker.com/content/dam/Parker-com/Literature/Instrumentation-Products-Division/Catalogs/Parker_Distribution_Manifolds_4190-DM.pdf","title":"Parker Distribution Manifolds Catalog","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"}, {"url":"https://www.parker.com/us/en/additional-information/data-center-cooling.html","title":"Data center liquid cooling solutions","publisher":"Parker Hannifin"}
    • Field updateddescription: CL20 uses a water coil, electronically commutated fans and ColdLogik controls to remove server exhaust heat at the rack. USystems offers 42U and 47U variants in 600 or 800 mm widths and lists leak detection plus TCP/IP, SNMP and BACnet. The 93 kW rating is tied to 14°C inlet water; rack airflow, exhaust temperature, water flow and redundancy will determine usable duty. Buyers should check filled weight, hinges and rack adapter, server-fan back pressure, fan-failure behavior, valve authority, dew-point margin, hose routing and whether room cooling remains necessary during door maintenance. → CL20 uses a water coil, electronically commutated fans and ColdLogik controls to remove server exhaust heat at the rack. USystems offers 42U and 47U variants in 600 or 800 mm widths and lists leak detection plus TCP/IP, SNMP and BACnet. The 93 kW rating is tied to 14°C inlet water; rack airflow, exhaust temperature, water flow and redundancy will determine usable duty. Buyers should check filled weight, hinges and rack adapter, server-fan back pressure, fan-failure behavior, valve authority, dew-point margin, hose routing and whether room cooling remains necessary during door maintenance. The supplier FAQ notes that model-dependent filled weights can exceed 90 kg across its rear-door range, so the selected-door drawing and rack certification are essential. A proposal should include capacity and fan-power data at the project's water and air conditions, water-side pressure loss, sound, maximum working pressure and control points. Site testing should simulate an opened door, failed fan, lost water flow and high dew point. Procurement should also identify who supplies flexible hoses, isolation valves and leak alarms and who warrants their assembled interfaces.
    • Field updateddescription: CL23 extends ColdLogik rear-door cooling into duties normally associated with direct-to-chip systems. USystems markets 200 kW per rack and reports 204 kW at 14°C inlet water in its technical FAQ. That headline should be treated as a design point, not as a drop-in rating for any rack: the server fleet must move enough air through the coil, and the facility loop must provide the required flow and pressure. Procurement should demand a selected-unit schedule covering dimensions, filled weight, fan and pump energy, sound, water-side pressure loss, controls, failure modes and capacity at the project's supply temperature. → CL23 extends ColdLogik rear-door cooling into duties normally associated with direct-to-chip systems. USystems markets 200 kW per rack and reports 204 kW at 14°C inlet water in its technical FAQ. That headline should be treated as a design point, not as a drop-in rating for any rack: the server fleet must move enough air through the coil, and the facility loop must provide the required flow and pressure. Procurement should demand a selected-unit schedule covering dimensions, filled weight, fan and pump energy, sound, water-side pressure loss, controls, failure modes and capacity at the project's supply temperature. Public material does not state the airflow, water flow, return temperature, rack geometry or redundancy assumptions behind the 204 kW result. Those conditions should be fixed in the performance guarantee and reproduced during factory or site acceptance testing. The rack review must confirm server-fan capability against door resistance and whether non-uniform exhaust creates coil or inlet hot spots. Buyers should also establish hose support, door-opening clearance, condensate avoidance, leak response and the fallback cooling available while a door, control board or water branch is isolated.
    • Field updateddescription: KPVS is a plant-side pump rather than a rack coolant pump. Its double-suction and double-volute construction is intended to reduce axial and radial loads, while the split coupling allows motor and seal service without disturbing the pipework. Grundfos reports that selected KPVS units at an unnamed hyperscale operator were 5% more efficient in chilled-water and 4% more efficient in condenser-water duty than specified alternatives. Those are project results, not a universal efficiency margin. Buyers need the selected curve, motor, net positive suction head, minimum flow, seal plan, vibration limit and operating sequence across all parallel pumps. → KPVS is a plant-side pump rather than a rack coolant pump. Its double-suction and double-volute construction is intended to reduce axial and radial loads, while the split coupling allows motor and seal service without disturbing the pipework. Grundfos reports that selected KPVS units at an unnamed hyperscale operator were 5% more efficient in chilled-water and 4% more efficient in condenser-water duty than specified alternatives. Those are project results, not a universal efficiency margin. Buyers need the selected curve, motor, net positive suction head, minimum flow, seal plan, vibration limit and operating sequence across all parallel pumps. The cited customer and duty points are undisclosed, so the reported percentages cannot be normalized for flow, head, impeller selection or control strategy. A bid evaluation should compare certified curves at identical duties and include motor and variable-speed-drive losses. It should also test parallel stability at phased loads, define minimum run time and standby rotation, and show how one pump is isolated and serviced while required cooling remains available. Procurement should request seal and bearing life assumptions, vibration baselines, spare rotating assemblies, regional response times and witnessed performance-test tolerances.
    • Field updateddescription: Grundfos identifies this NBG configuration in its Digital Realty case study as the pump selected to lift water from Millwall Inner Dock through the primary heat-exchanger circuit. The supplier describes a close-coupled, single-stage unit with an IE3 motor and variable-speed drive. The case establishes a demanding source-water use, but it does not publish the final flow, head, redundancy or measured seasonal efficiency. A new project should not reuse the model from the reference alone; it must recalculate suction conditions, screen and fouling losses, corrosion materials, environmental limits, duty/standby arrangement and service access. → Grundfos identifies this NBG configuration in its Digital Realty case study as the pump selected to lift water from Millwall Inner Dock through the primary heat-exchanger circuit. The supplier describes a close-coupled, single-stage unit with an IE3 motor and variable-speed drive. The case establishes a demanding source-water use, but it does not publish the final flow, head, redundancy or measured seasonal efficiency. A new project should not reuse the model from the reference alone; it must recalculate suction conditions, screen and fouling losses, corrosion materials, environmental limits, duty/standby arrangement and service access. Source-water service also requires explicit treatment of debris screens, biological fouling, corrosion, low-water conditions and environmental discharge limits that may not apply to a closed rack loop. Buyers should obtain the selected pump curve, net positive suction head requirement, minimum continuous flow, materials, seal arrangement and drive-control sequence. The acceptance plan should verify lifting duty at worst water level and fouled-system resistance, plus automatic transfer to standby equipment. Public evidence does not state the installed quantity or maintenance history, so current operator references and service records remain necessary.
    • Field updateddescription: The 4300 family addresses primary, secondary or condenser-water duties where plant-room footprint and serviceability matter. Armstrong publishes a broad envelope up to 28,000 US gpm, 500 feet of head and 1,250 hp, with 1.5- to 20-inch connections. No project will use those maxima simultaneously, and efficiency depends on the selected impeller, speed and duty point. Buyers should require a certified selection showing best-efficiency-point margin, net positive suction head, motor and drive losses, minimum-flow controls, seal materials, vibration and sound, plus the sequence for multiple pumps under normal and failed conditions. → The 4300 family addresses primary, secondary or condenser-water duties where plant-room footprint and serviceability matter. Armstrong publishes a broad envelope up to 28,000 US gpm, 500 feet of head and 1,250 hp, with 1.5- to 20-inch connections. No project will use those maxima simultaneously, and efficiency depends on the selected impeller, speed and duty point. Buyers should require a certified selection showing best-efficiency-point margin, net positive suction head, motor and drive losses, minimum-flow controls, seal materials, vibration and sound, plus the sequence for multiple pumps under normal and failed conditions. Because the family spans many sizes and constructions, every procurement value must come from the selected submittal rather than the family maxima. The review should include casing pressure class, impeller trim, motor enclosure, drive harmonics, communication protocol, ambient derating and fluid-temperature limits. A maintainability check should confirm lifting paths, coupling and seal access, valve placement and whether an individual pump can be removed without draining a common header. Factory testing should state measurement tolerances and acceptance points at design, part load and runout, with project fluid corrections where applicable.
    • Field updateddescription: The 4380 is the smaller vertical in-line family beside Armstrong's 4300. Its published envelope reaches 2,500 US gpm, 300 feet of head and 60 hp, with 1.5- to 8-inch connections. Armstrong emphasizes elimination of inertia bases, field alignment and some flexible connectors, but project seismic, vibration and piping-stress requirements still govern. Selection should compare wire-to-water efficiency over the expected load profile, not only full-load pump efficiency. Buyers also need motor enclosure, variable-speed drive, communications, seal materials, isolation, minimum flow, spare strategy and access to remove the motor or rotating assembly. → The 4380 is the smaller vertical in-line family beside Armstrong's 4300. Its published envelope reaches 2,500 US gpm, 300 feet of head and 60 hp, with 1.5- to 8-inch connections. Armstrong emphasizes elimination of inertia bases, field alignment and some flexible connectors, but project seismic, vibration and piping-stress requirements still govern. Selection should compare wire-to-water efficiency over the expected load profile, not only full-load pump efficiency. Buyers also need motor enclosure, variable-speed drive, communications, seal materials, isolation, minimum flow, spare strategy and access to remove the motor or rotating assembly. The broad family envelope does not disclose the efficiency, power, sound or net positive suction head for a proposed duty. The selected schedule should therefore fix impeller, speed, motor and controls and show operation as data-hall load phases grow. Pipe-mounted installation must be checked for nozzle loads, supports, seismic restraint and maintenance lifting. Site acceptance should verify rotation, vibration, sensor calibration, standby changeover and restart after power loss. Buyers should also require backed-up controller settings and identify whether pump logic or the building system owns pressure reset and staging.
    • Field updateddescription: EV200H combines a two-way control valve, ultrasonic flow measurement, supply and return temperature sensing and Belimo's energy-control logic. The listed configuration supports water or up to 60% glycol and several building-control protocols. Its 100 gpm nominal flow is a ceiling, not a recommended continuous setpoint; valve authority and measurement accuracy must be checked across the rack-loop turndown. For direct-to-chip use, Belimo asks customers to engage its data-center team. Buyers should also define fail-safe behavior, differential-pressure range, sensor placement, glycol compensation, data retention, cloud policy and operation when network control is lost. → EV200H combines a two-way control valve, ultrasonic flow measurement, supply and return temperature sensing and Belimo's energy-control logic. The listed configuration supports water or up to 60% glycol and several building-control protocols. Its 100 gpm nominal flow is a ceiling, not a recommended continuous setpoint; valve authority and measurement accuracy must be checked across the rack-loop turndown. For direct-to-chip use, Belimo asks customers to engage its data-center team. Buyers should also define fail-safe behavior, differential-pressure range, sensor placement, glycol compensation, data retention, cloud policy and operation when network control is lost. The product page does not establish that one configuration is appropriate for a server branch, rack, CDU or facility coil; each location has a different rangeability and failure consequence. The controls submittal should identify commanded variables, update rates, alarm thresholds, fallback values and whether cloud connectivity is disabled or required. Commissioning should compare indicated flow and thermal power with calibrated references using the actual fluid. Procurement should also cover firmware support, credential custody, replacement-sensor calibration, cybersecurity review and retrieval of locally logged data after a controller failure.
    • Field updateddescription: EP200H is a 100 gpm electronic pressure-independent valve for controlling water flow despite changing system pressure. The listed configuration permits a 25% to 100% adjustable flow range, up to 60% glycol and an 8 to 50 psi differential-pressure window. Unlike the Energy Valve record, this product is centered on flow control rather than integrated thermal-energy measurement. A buyer should verify that the smallest operating load stays above the controllable minimum, then define fail position, actuator power, network protocol, glycol setup, shutoff leakage, service isolation and commissioning access. Excess differential pressure wastes pump energy even when the valve holds flow. → EP200H is a 100 gpm electronic pressure-independent valve for controlling water flow despite changing system pressure. The listed configuration permits a 25% to 100% adjustable flow range, up to 60% glycol and an 8 to 50 psi differential-pressure window. Unlike the Energy Valve record, this product is centered on flow control rather than integrated thermal-energy measurement. A buyer should verify that the smallest operating load stays above the controllable minimum, then define fail position, actuator power, network protocol, glycol setup, shutoff leakage, service isolation and commissioning access. Excess differential pressure wastes pump energy even when the valve holds flow. The published 25% lower adjustment boundary means this size may be unsuitable where phased racks create deeper turndown; parallel smaller valves or another size may be required. The engineer should calculate available differential pressure through every operating mode and ensure the pump-control sequence does not fight the valve. Functional testing should cover loss of actuator power, communications and differential pressure, as well as restoration behavior. Procurement should specify the exact enclosure, fail-safe option, permitted mounting orientation, network objects, firmware process and manual means of isolating or replacing the assembly.
    • Field updateddescription: CP-E-4009-S3XJ is a general thermal-interface plate, not a socket-specific server cold plate. Wieland's drawing shows a 225 by 130 mm body, three thermal-interface zones, 4 mm-tall MDT pin fins with a 0.5 mm channel gap and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. Those dimensions support early mechanical screening, but the source does not publish a heat-load rating, flow, pressure drop, thermal resistance, proof pressure or wetted-material stack for this exact drawing. Buyers should obtain those values under their coolant and inlet-temperature conditions and validate mounting flatness, interface material, clamping load and leak integrity. → CP-E-4009-S3XJ is a general thermal-interface plate, not a socket-specific server cold plate. Wieland's drawing shows a 225 by 130 mm body, three thermal-interface zones, 4 mm-tall MDT pin fins with a 0.5 mm channel gap and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. Those dimensions support early mechanical screening, but the source does not publish a heat-load rating, flow, pressure drop, thermal resistance, proof pressure or wetted-material stack for this exact drawing. Buyers should obtain those values under their coolant and inlet-temperature conditions and validate mounting flatness, interface material, clamping load and leak integrity. The drawing also does not establish compatibility with a named CPU, GPU, socket or server warranty. Qualification should use the real heat map and mounting stack, measure temperature uniformity and pressure drop across the expected flow range, and include blocked-flow and pump-restart cases. Materials and joining records should be reviewed against the complete loop to avoid galvanic or coolant-chemistry problems. Procurement should require dimensional inspection, cleanliness, proof and leak-test certificates, traceability and an agreed change-control threshold for pin-fin geometry, port machining or friction-stir-weld parameters.
    • Field updatedsources: {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/content/download/21425/file/CP-E-4009-S3XJ.pdf","title":"CP-E-4009-S3XJ product drawing","publisher":"Wieland"}, {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/products/electronics-cooling","title":"Wieland electronics cooling","publisher":"Wieland"} → {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/content/download/21425/file/CP-E-4009-S3XJ.pdf","title":"CP-E-4009-S3XJ product drawing","publisher":"Wieland"}, {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/products/electronics-cooling","title":"Wieland Electronics Cooling","publisher":"Wieland"}
    • Field updateddescription: CP-E-4013-S3XJ is another standard Wieland thermal-interface plate, with a longer footprint and multiple mounting and interface zones. The drawing specifies 20-fins-per-inch MDT pin fins, a 0.5 mm channel gap, 4 mm fin height and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. It does not identify a processor, server or rated wattage, so it should not be represented as a ready-qualified AI cold plate. Procurement should request thermal and hydraulic test data for the proposed heat map, plus wetted materials, coolant limits, proof and burst pressure, joining inspection, flatness, corrosion controls and an agreed cleaning specification. → CP-E-4013-S3XJ is another standard Wieland thermal-interface plate, with a longer footprint and multiple mounting and interface zones. The drawing specifies 20-fins-per-inch MDT pin fins, a 0.5 mm channel gap, 4 mm fin height and two SAE J1926-1 -6 ports. It does not identify a processor, server or rated wattage, so it should not be represented as a ready-qualified AI cold plate. Procurement should request thermal and hydraulic test data for the proposed heat map, plus wetted materials, coolant limits, proof and burst pressure, joining inspection, flatness, corrosion controls and an agreed cleaning specification. The larger footprint does not by itself indicate greater capacity, because performance depends on where heat enters the plate and how coolant crosses the internal field. A server integration review should confirm mounting-hole use, component clearances, hose loads and service access before a thermal prototype is built. Validation should measure local temperatures, total pressure drop and flow distribution under normal, minimum-flow and blocked-branch conditions. Production approval should define dimensional sampling, leak-test sensitivity, cleanliness, serial traceability and notification requirements for material, machining, weld or internal-geometry changes.
    • Field updatedsources: {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/content/download/21426/file/CP-E-4013-S3XJ.pdf","title":"CP-E-4013-S3XJ product drawing","publisher":"Wieland"}, {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/products/electronics-cooling","title":"Wieland electronics cooling","publisher":"Wieland"} → {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/content/download/21426/file/CP-E-4013-S3XJ.pdf","title":"CP-E-4013-S3XJ product drawing","publisher":"Wieland"}, {"url":"https://www.wieland.com/en/products/electronics-cooling","title":"Wieland Electronics Cooling","publisher":"Wieland"}
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Stäubli says Fujitsu selected CGD metal couplings to connect liquid-cooled blades to Fugaku's chassis and to permit tool-free hot swapping with flush-face, non-spill connections. Its current data-center page reports 400 racks, more than 150,000 processors and 384 connection points per rack. RIKEN independently confirms that development was completed and shared use began on 9 March 2021. The sources establish an operating named system and connector role, but they do not publish coolant chemistry, coupling size, pressure drop, leak history or maintenance replacement rate. Buyers should treat Fugaku as evidence of deployment scale, not as proof that the same connector selection fits a different rack or coolant. → Status: operating. Stäubli says Fujitsu selected CGD metal couplings to connect liquid-cooled blades to Fugaku's chassis and to permit tool-free hot swapping with flush-face, non-spill connections. Its current data-center page reports 400 racks, more than 150,000 processors and 384 connection points per rack. RIKEN independently confirms that development was completed and shared use began on 9 March 2021. The sources establish an operating named system and connector role, but they do not publish coolant chemistry, coupling size, pressure drop, leak history or maintenance replacement rate. Buyers should treat Fugaku as evidence of deployment scale, not as proof that the same connector selection fits a different rack or coolant. The Stäubli story was written while Fugaku was being installed, whereas RIKEN provides the firmer operating milestone; neither source is a connector acceptance report. The public record does not identify the number of coupling pairs in active coolant service versus other reported connection points, the pressure and temperature envelope, the guide mechanism's tolerance, or any leakage events over time. Due diligence should ask Stäubli and Fujitsu for the exact CGD configuration, qualification standard, coolant and material stack, hot-swap procedure, inspection interval, spare strategy and field-return data. A prospective buyer should also reproduce blade insertion and removal with the proposed chassis tolerances and verify pressure drop, residual spill and air inclusion after repeated cycling. Fugaku supports confidence that CGD can be engineered into a very large system; it does not establish an independently measured failure rate or lifecycle cost.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. USystems and DataBank describe ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers at ATL1 in Georgia Tech's CODA development. The published design point is 50 kW per enclosure with 73°F warm water, with a stated path to 100 kW per rack after limited infrastructure changes. DataBank's current facility page confirms ATL1 remains an operating site hosting Georgia Tech's High-Performance Computing Center and advertises liquid-cooled cabinet capacity. The vendor article's savings claims are not backed by a disclosed measurement protocol, and the installed door count, actual IT load and current water conditions are not public. The record therefore supports the architecture and operating site, not the full claimed efficiency comparison. → Status: operating. USystems and DataBank describe ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers at ATL1 in Georgia Tech's CODA development. The published design point is 50 kW per enclosure with 73°F warm water, with a stated path to 100 kW per rack after limited infrastructure changes. DataBank's current facility page confirms ATL1 remains an operating site hosting Georgia Tech's High-Performance Computing Center and advertises liquid-cooled cabinet capacity. The vendor article's savings claims are not backed by a disclosed measurement protocol, and the installed door count, actual IT load and current water conditions are not public. The record therefore supports the architecture and operating site, not the full claimed efficiency comparison. DataBank's current page lists 7.1 MW of facility critical IT load, but that figure must not be attributed to the ColdLogik subsystem; the cooling source does not state how many racks or megawatts use rear doors. Likewise, the 100 kW statement describes potential after infrastructure changes rather than demonstrated operating rack density. Procurement teams should request current rack counts, door models, supply and return temperatures, water flow, fan power, maintenance history and measured seasonal cooling energy. They should also ask how ATL1 maintains temperatures while a door is open or isolated, how leaks are detected, and whether server-fan settings changed. An operator reference should separate original design targets from present operation and identify any control, hinge, hose or water-quality lessons learned since commissioning.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. The University of Cambridge states that research computing moved into the £20 million West Cambridge Data Centre in 2015. USystems reports that ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers later increased cabinet density from 30 to 44 kW and raised data-hall capacity from 900 kW to 1.2 MW. Those figures come from the cooling supplier rather than an independently published acceptance test, but the university confirms the operating facility and continued research-computing role. Public sources do not disclose the current door count, inlet-water temperature, annual cooling energy, redundancy arrangement or whether every hall uses the same design. Procurement teams should use the reference to ask for operator contacts and measured seasonal data. → Status: operating. The University of Cambridge states that research computing moved into the £20 million West Cambridge Data Centre in 2015. USystems reports that ColdLogik rear-door heat exchangers later increased cabinet density from 30 to 44 kW and raised data-hall capacity from 900 kW to 1.2 MW. Those figures come from the cooling supplier rather than an independently published acceptance test, but the university confirms the operating facility and continued research-computing role. Public sources do not disclose the current door count, inlet-water temperature, annual cooling energy, redundancy arrangement or whether every hall uses the same design. Procurement teams should use the reference to ask for operator contacts and measured seasonal data. The university history confirms relocation and continued use of the facility but does not independently attribute the later capacity increase to a particular ColdLogik model. The 1.2 MW figure should therefore remain a supplier-reported hall value, not a measured IT load or proof that all cabinets operate at 44 kW. A reference interview should establish the installed models and quantities, typical and peak rack loads, water temperatures, fan energy, leak events, maintenance burden and changes made after commissioning. Buyers should also ask whether capacity growth required plant, piping or controls changes beyond the rear doors, and how cooling continuity is maintained during door service. Annual trend data with a defined electrical boundary would be needed before using the reference to predict PUE or operating cost.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Grundfos reports that NorthC, installer Hamer and Grundfos developed a MIXIT proof of concept for direct chip cooling beginning in 2021 and delivered it in mid-2022. The case says water circulates through chip-mounted cooling blocks and that MIXIT responds to rapid temperature changes; a customer quotation states that the system was still running reliably nearly three years later. NorthC independently confirms that its High Tech Campus site supports liquid cooling and exchanges waste heat and cold water through a campus ring. The public record does not identify server models, installed thermal capacity, rack density, loop temperatures, pump energy or measured heat recovery. The deployment demonstrates control integration, not a quantified whole-site efficiency result. → Status: operating. Grundfos reports that NorthC, installer Hamer and Grundfos developed a MIXIT proof of concept for direct chip cooling beginning in 2021 and delivered it in mid-2022. The case says water circulates through chip-mounted cooling blocks and that MIXIT responds to rapid temperature changes; a customer quotation states that the system was still running reliably nearly three years later. NorthC independently confirms that its High Tech Campus site supports liquid cooling and exchanges waste heat and cold water through a campus ring. The public record does not identify server models, installed thermal capacity, rack density, loop temperatures, pump energy or measured heat recovery. The deployment demonstrates control integration, not a quantified whole-site efficiency result. The June 2022 date in this record represents the reported mid-2022 delivery period; the cited sources do not publish a precise commissioning day. MIXIT's exact configuration, valve size, sensors, controlled variable and relationship to pumps or a CDU are also undisclosed. Procurement teams should ask NorthC or Hamer for a loop diagram, control sequence, temperature and flow trends, alarm history, maintenance interventions and behavior during server or network changes. They should distinguish heat made available to the campus ring from heat actually reused by a customer and quantify backup rejection when campus demand is absent. Evidence that would strengthen the record includes a named server platform, installed kilowatts, measured pump and cooling energy, water temperatures, uptime and acceptance criteria. Until then, capacity and rack density correctly remain not publicly disclosed.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Armstrong reported in September 2016 that it supplied off-site-manufactured, integrated chilled-water plant rooms for the second phase of HKG10, then a Digital Realty and CenturyLink joint venture. The packages were assembled and tested at Armstrong's Halesowen factory and used variable-primary distribution. Digital Realty's current HKG10 page confirms the facility is operating at 33 Chun Choi Street with N+1 cooling, although it does not identify the plant supplier. Public sources do not disclose pump models, plant tonnage, measured efficiency, water use, commissioning results or how much of today's facility remains served by the 2016 packages. The record supports a real delivered plant reference, with performance claims still supplier reported. → Status: operating. Armstrong reported in September 2016 that it supplied off-site-manufactured, integrated chilled-water plant rooms for the second phase of HKG10, then a Digital Realty and CenturyLink joint venture. The packages were assembled and tested at Armstrong's Halesowen factory and used variable-primary distribution. Digital Realty's current HKG10 page confirms the facility is operating at 33 Chun Choi Street with N+1 cooling, although it does not identify the plant supplier. Public sources do not disclose pump models, plant tonnage, measured efficiency, water use, commissioning results or how much of today's facility remains served by the 2016 packages. The record supports a real delivered plant reference, with performance claims still supplier reported. Digital Realty's current N+1 statement describes the facility today but does not establish the redundancy arrangement of each 2016 package or prove that the original plant remains unchanged. Armstrong's article describes factory integration and testing without publishing the test schedule, witnessed results, controls architecture or post-commissioning energy data. A buyer evaluating packaged plant should request the original and current equipment schedules, package boundaries, design water temperatures, pump curves, staging logic, failure tests, transport splits and site reconnection work. Reference questions should cover factory-versus-field defects, commissioning duration, spare parts, controls updates and service response in Hong Kong. Measured annual chiller, pump and heat-rejection energy under local weather would be needed before using this project as an efficiency benchmark; no such dataset appears in the cited public sources.
    • Field updateddescription: Castrol brings lubricant formulation, materials testing, fluid handling, and a global supply organization to data-center cooling. Its current Castrol ON range includes synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric fluids for single-phase immersion and a separate PG 25 fluid for direct liquid cooling. This batch links only the two immersion products for which Castrol publishes direct product data. The product sheets provide useful baseline properties, but typical values are not acceptance limits and do not establish compatibility with a particular server, tank, seal, cable, or warranty. Castrol also operates an immersion research installation at its Pangbourne headquarters with Hypertec servers and Submer tanks. That is a development environment, not evidence of a production customer fleet. Buyers should require the current regional safety data sheet, batch certificate, approved-material list, fire and spill plan, storage conditions, filtration and sampling limits, end-of-life route, and written approval from the tank and server suppliers. Public sources do not disclose delivered pricing, installed fleet size, fluid life in production, or independent long-duration reliability. → Castrol brings lubricant formulation, materials testing, fluid handling, and a global supply organization to data-center cooling. Its current Castrol ON range includes synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric fluids for single-phase immersion and a separate PG 25 fluid for direct liquid cooling. This batch links only the two immersion products for which Castrol publishes direct product data. The product sheets provide useful baseline properties, but typical values are not acceptance limits and do not establish compatibility with a particular server, tank, seal, cable, or warranty. Castrol also operates an immersion research installation at its Pangbourne headquarters with Hypertec servers and Submer tanks. That is a development environment, not evidence of a production customer fleet. Buyers should require the current regional safety data sheet, batch certificate, approved-material list, fire and spill plan, storage conditions, filtration and sampling limits, end-of-life route, and written approval from the tank and server suppliers. Public sources do not disclose delivered pricing, installed fleet size, fluid life in production, or independent long-duration reliability. A request for quotation should lock the exact DC 15 or DC 20 formulation and revision rather than permit an unspecified Castrol ON substitute. It should also identify who owns fluid analysis after commissioning, what measured change triggers filtration or replacement, how replacement fluid will be sourced in the operating region, and whether the tank warranty remains valid after top-ups from later production batches.
    • Field updateddescription: Valvoline Global Operations has extended its automotive and industrial fluid business into data-center thermal management under the Beyond by Valvoline name. The cited portfolio identifies an HTF-DE1 dielectric immersion fluid and PG25 Advanced heat-transfer fluid for direct-to-chip and heat-exchange loops. Valvoline also publishes an 18-month validation with Iceotope hardware, HPE servers, and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. That test is useful evidence of one fluid-hardware combination, but its 5.2 kW test load is not a rack-scale capacity demonstration and does not qualify other servers or materials. Product availability varies by region, and the public portfolio page does not disclose full chemistry, inhibitor package, service life, concentration tolerances, or a complete list of approved wetted materials. Procurement should obtain the current product and safety sheets, fluid-quality limits, fill and sampling procedure, compatibility approvals, warranty terms, contamination thresholds, corrective actions, storage life, and recovery or disposal route. The company is an Aramco affiliate; it is separate from the publicly traded Valvoline retail-services business. → Valvoline Global Operations has extended its automotive and industrial fluid business into data-center thermal management under the Beyond by Valvoline name. The cited portfolio identifies an HTF-DE1 dielectric immersion fluid and PG25 Advanced heat-transfer fluid for direct-to-chip and heat-exchange loops. Valvoline also publishes an 18-month validation with Iceotope hardware, HPE servers, and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. That test is useful evidence of one fluid-hardware combination, but its 5.2 kW test load is not a rack-scale capacity demonstration and does not qualify other servers or materials. Product availability varies by region, and the public portfolio page does not disclose full chemistry, inhibitor package, service life, concentration tolerances, or a complete list of approved wetted materials. Procurement should obtain the current product and safety sheets, fluid-quality limits, fill and sampling procedure, compatibility approvals, warranty terms, contamination thresholds, corrective actions, storage life, and recovery or disposal route. The company is an Aramco affiliate; it is separate from the publicly traded Valvoline retail-services business. HTF-DE1 and PG25 Advanced serve different architectures and should not share one generic fluid specification, sampling limit, or spill procedure. Buyers should also establish which Valvoline Global legal entity supplies the fluid, where retained reference samples will be stored, whether laboratory interpretation is included, and how a result outside limits is divided among the fluid supplier, cooling-system vendor, and server manufacturer.
    • Field updateddescription: Ecolab, through Nalco Water, supplies chemistry, controllers, monitoring, remote support, and field service for cooling-water systems. Its data-center portfolio spans open cooling towers, adiabatic heat rejection, and direct-to-chip loops. The linked products show the facility-water side: 3D TRASAR Cooling Water combines chemistry and monitoring for towers and chillers, while the adiabatic program adds unit-level conductivity and flow measurement, centralized dosing, alarms, and digital records. Ecolab also owns CoolIT Systems, but this record describes Ecolab's water-management offer rather than duplicating CoolIT's cooling hardware. Buyers should define one water specification across equipment vendors, including pH, conductivity, chlorides, hardness, corrosion, microbiological control, suspended solids, sampling methods, alarm and action limits, and authority to dose or drain. They should also separate supplier-reported savings from guaranteed project outcomes: results depend on source water, metallurgy, heat flux, cycles of concentration, weather, and operating discipline. Public product pages do not state a universal chemical formulation, installed price, sensor calibration interval, data-retention term, or service response commitment. → Ecolab, through Nalco Water, supplies chemistry, controllers, monitoring, remote support, and field service for cooling-water systems. Its data-center portfolio spans open cooling towers, adiabatic heat rejection, and direct-to-chip loops. The linked products show the facility-water side: 3D TRASAR Cooling Water combines chemistry and monitoring for towers and chillers, while the adiabatic program adds unit-level conductivity and flow measurement, centralized dosing, alarms, and digital records. Ecolab also owns CoolIT Systems, but this record describes Ecolab's water-management offer rather than duplicating CoolIT's cooling hardware. Buyers should define one water specification across equipment vendors, including pH, conductivity, chlorides, hardness, corrosion, microbiological control, suspended solids, sampling methods, alarm and action limits, and authority to dose or drain. They should also separate supplier-reported savings from guaranteed project outcomes: results depend on source water, metallurgy, heat flux, cycles of concentration, weather, and operating discipline. Public product pages do not state a universal chemical formulation, installed price, sensor calibration interval, data-retention term, or service response commitment. Open-tower treatment, adiabatic-media treatment, and a closed technology loop have different contamination and warranty boundaries; an Ecolab master agreement should not collapse them into one program. Procurement should name the approved laboratory methods, baseline samples, reporting frequency, data export format, escalation contacts, included site visits, consumable replenishment, and the party authorized to change dose or blowdown setpoints.
    • Field updateddescription: Xylem supplies the pumps and controls that move facility water through chilled-water, cooling-tower, heat-recovery, and some liquid-cooling interfaces. Its data-center brochure identifies Bell & Gossett end-suction and inline pumps, Goulds Water Technology multistage pumps, and hydrovar X smart-motor packages. The linked e-1510X and e-SV records represent two different duties: high-flow circulation and higher-head multistage service. Neither model number is a complete selection. A buyer must provide the actual flow, system curve, fluid and glycol concentration, temperature range, suction conditions, elevation, materials, redundancy philosophy, electrical service, controls, and expected turndown. Pump efficiency at the design point is not enough; phased data halls can operate at low load for years, and a standby pump only protects service if valves, power, controls, and automatic changeover are tested. Xylem publishes a named NREL deployment involving Bell & Gossett pumps and warm-water heat recovery. It does not disclose fleet-wide failure rates or guarantee that the same arrangement fits a direct-to-chip technology loop. Current headquarters information is taken from Xylem's 2025 annual report. → Xylem supplies the pumps and controls that move facility water through chilled-water, cooling-tower, heat-recovery, and some liquid-cooling interfaces. Its data-center brochure identifies Bell & Gossett end-suction and inline pumps, Goulds Water Technology multistage pumps, and hydrovar X smart-motor packages. The linked e-1510X and e-SV records represent two different duties: high-flow circulation and higher-head multistage service. Neither model number is a complete selection. A buyer must provide the actual flow, system curve, fluid and glycol concentration, temperature range, suction conditions, elevation, materials, redundancy philosophy, electrical service, controls, and expected turndown. Pump efficiency at the design point is not enough; phased data halls can operate at low load for years, and a standby pump only protects service if valves, power, controls, and automatic changeover are tested. Xylem publishes a named NREL deployment involving Bell & Gossett pumps and warm-water heat recovery. It does not disclose fleet-wide failure rates or guarantee that the same arrangement fits a direct-to-chip technology loop. Current headquarters information is taken from Xylem's 2025 annual report. A complete bid should identify the selected impeller, motor, seal, coating, drive, sensors, and control firmware rather than cite only a pump family. Buyers should require certified curves with the project operating points marked, witness or documented factory testing where appropriate, minimum continuous flow, spare rotating assemblies or drive strategy, and efficiency evidence at the expected first-phase as well as ultimate load.
    • Field updateddescription: Siemens supplies data-center power, building automation, fire safety, security, and cooling controls through its Smart Infrastructure business. This record focuses on two current control layers. Desigo PXC4 is a programmable automation-station family for mechanical equipment and building systems. White Space Cooling Optimization uses dense temperature sensing and predictive software to adjust data-hall cooling to information-technology load. The two products solve different problems: PXC4 executes plant and equipment sequences, while White Space Cooling Optimization models airflow and supervises room cooling. Siemens publishes a named Novva Data Centers reference in Colorado Springs where Desigo PXC controllers were installed in a flat architecture across chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and fans. Siemens reports no cooling downtime for a year and a half and material energy savings, but those results include rewiring, reprogramming, and a broader shift in cooling strategy. Buyers should require a complete point list, sequence of operation, failure matrix, local fallback, sensor calibration plan, network architecture, access controls, software and cloud terms, patching responsibilities, trend retention, and witnessed tests for power loss, communication loss, bad sensors, and rapid compute-load changes. Public sources do not disclose Novva's IT capacity, installed controller count, project price, or independently audited savings. → Siemens supplies data-center power, building automation, fire safety, security, and cooling controls through its Smart Infrastructure business. This record focuses on two current control layers. Desigo PXC4 is a programmable automation-station family for mechanical equipment and building systems. White Space Cooling Optimization uses dense temperature sensing and predictive software to adjust data-hall cooling to information-technology load. The two products solve different problems: PXC4 executes plant and equipment sequences, while White Space Cooling Optimization models airflow and supervises room cooling. Siemens publishes a named Novva Data Centers reference in Colorado Springs where Desigo PXC controllers were installed in a flat architecture across chillers, cooling towers, pumps, and fans. Siemens reports no cooling downtime for a year and a half and material energy savings, but those results include rewiring, reprogramming, and a broader shift in cooling strategy. Buyers should require a complete point list, sequence of operation, failure matrix, local fallback, sensor calibration plan, network architecture, access controls, software and cloud terms, patching responsibilities, trend retention, and witnessed tests for power loss, communication loss, bad sensors, and rapid compute-load changes. Public sources do not disclose Novva's IT capacity, installed controller count, project price, or independently audited savings. Procurement should also separate the local safety sequence from supervisory optimization and state which functions must continue without a Siemens server, cloud service, or wide-area connection. The contract should include editable control logic, current backups, rollback procedures, license renewal terms, and ownership of integration work when chillers or room-cooling units come from other manufacturers.
    • Field updateddescription: Pall Corporation designs filtration, separation, and purification equipment across industrial and life-science markets. The two linked records are relevant to data-center facility water because Pall explicitly lists cooling water and pre-reverse-osmosis service, but Pall's public pages do not present them as qualified technology-cooling-loop filters. Ultipleat High Flow housings address large facility flows; Profile UP cartridges offer a broad range of particle-removal grades. A buyer should not transfer a generic cooling-water rating into a cold-plate loop without checking absolute efficiency or beta ratio, dirt-holding capacity, clean and terminal pressure drop, bypass behavior, element collapse pressure, seals, extractables, fluid compatibility, and the smallest protected channel. Installation design must define commissioning flush filtration, permanent full-flow or side-stream duty, isolation, differential-pressure alarms, safe element change, spare inventory, and disposal. Pall publishes detailed construction and flow information, but no cited data-center deployment, server-loop validation, installed price, or service-life result. Pall is a wholly owned Danaher subsidiary; product availability and exact configurations should be confirmed for the project region. → Pall Corporation designs filtration, separation, and purification equipment across industrial and life-science markets. The two linked records are relevant to data-center facility water because Pall explicitly lists cooling water and pre-reverse-osmosis service, but Pall's public pages do not present them as qualified technology-cooling-loop filters. Ultipleat High Flow housings address large facility flows; Profile UP cartridges offer a broad range of particle-removal grades. A buyer should not transfer a generic cooling-water rating into a cold-plate loop without checking absolute efficiency or beta ratio, dirt-holding capacity, clean and terminal pressure drop, bypass behavior, element collapse pressure, seals, extractables, fluid compatibility, and the smallest protected channel. Installation design must define commissioning flush filtration, permanent full-flow or side-stream duty, isolation, differential-pressure alarms, safe element change, spare inventory, and disposal. Pall publishes detailed construction and flow information, but no cited data-center deployment, server-loop validation, installed price, or service-life result. Pall is a wholly owned Danaher subsidiary; product availability and exact configurations should be confirmed for the project region. Procurement should qualify the housing, cartridge, seal, and fluid as one assembly and prohibit unreviewed replacement elements that merely fit dimensionally. It should distinguish temporary construction-debris removal from permanent polishing, define the permitted bypass state, require clean and loaded pressure-drop calculations, and specify how operators will avoid contaminating the clean side while opening a housing beside live cooling loads.
    • Field updateddescription: Kurita Water Industries supplies industrial water-treatment chemicals, equipment, monitoring, and service. Its cooling portfolio covers open towers, closed cooling and chilled-water circuits, make-up water, corrosion, scale, fouling, and microbiological control. The linked S.sensing MX platform monitors cooling-water parameters and can control dosing based on measured active product concentration. The linked Korrodex range covers corrosion inhibitors, hardness stabilizers, and antifreeze products for closed systems. These are product families rather than one universal formulation or bill of materials. A data-center buyer needs a site-specific program based on source water, loop type, metallurgy and polymers, oxygen ingress, temperature, heat flux, discharge rules, and every connected equipment warranty. Required submittals include chemical identity and concentration, compatibility, sample points, methods and frequency, calibration, alarm and action limits, authority to dose or drain, data access, cybersecurity, and emergency remediation. Kurita's public sources do not provide a named data-center deployment for these two records, a universal performance guarantee, or pricing. Generic industrial cooling experience should therefore be verified against the specific facility and technology loop. → Kurita Water Industries supplies industrial water-treatment chemicals, equipment, monitoring, and service. Its cooling portfolio covers open towers, closed cooling and chilled-water circuits, make-up water, corrosion, scale, fouling, and microbiological control. The linked S.sensing MX platform monitors cooling-water parameters and can control dosing based on measured active product concentration. The linked Korrodex range covers corrosion inhibitors, hardness stabilizers, and antifreeze products for closed systems. These are product families rather than one universal formulation or bill of materials. A data-center buyer needs a site-specific program based on source water, loop type, metallurgy and polymers, oxygen ingress, temperature, heat flux, discharge rules, and every connected equipment warranty. Required submittals include chemical identity and concentration, compatibility, sample points, methods and frequency, calibration, alarm and action limits, authority to dose or drain, data access, cybersecurity, and emergency remediation. Kurita's public sources do not provide a named data-center deployment for these two records, a universal performance guarantee, or pricing. Generic industrial cooling experience should therefore be verified against the specific facility and technology loop. Buyers should ask Kurita to map each proposed analyzer and chemical to a stated failure mode, test method, alert limit, corrective action, and equipment warranty. The service schedule should identify local laboratory capability, calibration standards, reagent and spare-sensor lead times, remote-monitoring retention, escalation coverage, and what happens when an analyzer is unavailable but cooling must continue.
    • Field updateddescription: Veolia Water Technologies provides water-treatment equipment, chemistry, controls, digital monitoring, and operating services. For data-center cooling, its public material covers source-water treatment, open recirculating cooling systems, reclamation, and reuse. The linked E.C.O.Film program uses non-phosphorus chemistry for scale and corrosion control, while the TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller monitors pH, oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, and, in supported programs, chemical levels. A published Illinois data-center case reports higher cooling-tower cycles and lower water use after adding pH control, acid feed, remote monitoring, and alarms. That result is supplier-reported, the operator is unnamed, and it does not isolate the controller from the full treatment program. Buyers should require a water balance, chemistry model, materials review, dosing and containment design, sample and calibration plan, alarm response, cyber and data terms, discharge assessment, and measurable acceptance criteria. They should also identify whether the contracting party is Veolia Water Technologies, Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions, or a regional affiliate. Public sources do not disclose the Illinois site's capacity, location beyond the state, contract value, or independent audit. → Veolia Water Technologies provides water-treatment equipment, chemistry, controls, digital monitoring, and operating services. For data-center cooling, its public material covers source-water treatment, open recirculating cooling systems, reclamation, and reuse. The linked E.C.O.Film program uses non-phosphorus chemistry for scale and corrosion control, while the TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller monitors pH, oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, and, in supported programs, chemical levels. A published Illinois data-center case reports higher cooling-tower cycles and lower water use after adding pH control, acid feed, remote monitoring, and alarms. That result is supplier-reported, the operator is unnamed, and it does not isolate the controller from the full treatment program. Buyers should require a water balance, chemistry model, materials review, dosing and containment design, sample and calibration plan, alarm response, cyber and data terms, discharge assessment, and measurable acceptance criteria. They should also identify whether the contracting party is Veolia Water Technologies, Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions, or a regional affiliate. Public sources do not disclose the Illinois site's capacity, location beyond the state, contract value, or independent audit. The proposal should state which regional Veolia entity supplies chemicals, owns controller configuration, interprets alarms, and attends an excursion. Procurement should require the modeled starting conditions, accepted water-quality range, baseline and verification period, data export, consumables, laboratory methods, acid-handling safeguards where relevant, and a remedy if treatment targets are missed without compromising cooling availability.
    • Field updateddescription: DC 15 is a synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric fluid intended for single-phase immersion of electrical and electronic equipment. Castrol's product sheet reports typical density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, breakdown voltage, pour point, and fill-point particle cleanliness. These are fluid properties, not proof of server compatibility or cooling capacity. A lower-viscosity fluid can reduce pumping work, but the complete tank design, flow distribution, temperature rise, heat exchanger, and server geometry determine useful thermal performance. The published values are described as typical and may change; procurement should use a current regional product data sheet, safety data sheet, and batch certificate. Before approval, test every cable, label, connector, seal, elastomer, thermal-interface material, storage device, and server warranty for the planned exposure time and temperature. Define filtration, moisture and particle limits, sampling intervals, oxidation indicators, make-up rules, spill response, fire protection, lifting and draining practices, storage life, and end-of-life recovery. Public sources do not state a universal service life, tank capacity, approved-server list, or delivered price. → DC 15 is a synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric fluid intended for single-phase immersion of electrical and electronic equipment. Castrol's product sheet reports typical density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, breakdown voltage, pour point, and fill-point particle cleanliness. These are fluid properties, not proof of server compatibility or cooling capacity. A lower-viscosity fluid can reduce pumping work, but the complete tank design, flow distribution, temperature rise, heat exchanger, and server geometry determine useful thermal performance. The published values are described as typical and may change; procurement should use a current regional product data sheet, safety data sheet, and batch certificate. Before approval, test every cable, label, connector, seal, elastomer, thermal-interface material, storage device, and server warranty for the planned exposure time and temperature. Define filtration, moisture and particle limits, sampling intervals, oxidation indicators, make-up rules, spill response, fire protection, lifting and draining practices, storage life, and end-of-life recovery. Public sources do not state a universal service life, tank capacity, approved-server list, or delivered price. Qualification should include an agreed retained sample from the delivered batch and baseline measurements using the same laboratory methods planned for operations. Buyers should ask why DC 15 is selected instead of DC 20 for the specific tank and temperature range, then require the tank supplier to state acceptable property drift, compatible replacement volume, and warranty treatment after contamination or an emergency fluid transfer.
    • Field updateddescription: DC 20 is Castrol's synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric coolant for single-phase immersion. Its product sheet reports typical density of 797 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity of 5.1 mm²/s at 40°C, dielectric strength above 14 kV/mm, specific heat of 2.08 kJ/kg·K, and thermal conductivity of 0.135 W/m·K. Those values help model pumping and heat transfer, but they do not establish the capacity of an immersion tank or the lifetime of electronics. Castrol reports that Submer tested DC 20 and approved it across Submer equipment; that approval should be confirmed for the exact tank, region, warranty, and current fluid revision. Buyers should compare candidate fluids at the same temperatures, flow, heat load, contamination state, and safety boundary. Required due diligence includes the latest safety sheet, flash and fire controls, material and server compatibility, batch quality, moisture and particle limits, oxidation monitoring, filtration, storage, spill procedures, fluid top-up, recovery, and disposal. The cited sheet does not disclose price, a guaranteed service interval, or independent production-fleet results. → DC 20 is Castrol's synthetic-hydrocarbon dielectric coolant for single-phase immersion. Its product sheet reports typical density of 797 kg/m³, kinematic viscosity of 5.1 mm²/s at 40°C, dielectric strength above 14 kV/mm, specific heat of 2.08 kJ/kg·K, and thermal conductivity of 0.135 W/m·K. Those values help model pumping and heat transfer, but they do not establish the capacity of an immersion tank or the lifetime of electronics. Castrol reports that Submer tested DC 20 and approved it across Submer equipment; that approval should be confirmed for the exact tank, region, warranty, and current fluid revision. Buyers should compare candidate fluids at the same temperatures, flow, heat load, contamination state, and safety boundary. Required due diligence includes the latest safety sheet, flash and fire controls, material and server compatibility, batch quality, moisture and particle limits, oxidation monitoring, filtration, storage, spill procedures, fluid top-up, recovery, and disposal. The cited sheet does not disclose price, a guaranteed service interval, or independent production-fleet results. The Submer statement should be converted into project documentation naming the supported tank models, fluid revision, operating limits, and warranty owner. Acceptance should record delivered quantity, batch identity, cleanliness, moisture and electrical properties before servers enter the bath, with sealed baseline samples retained. Procurement should also define whether used fluid can be reclaimed, where it may be shipped, and who bears replacement and downtime costs after an out-of-limit result.
    • Field updateddescription: HTF-DE1 is Valvoline Global's dielectric heat-transfer fluid for high-performance-computing immersion applications. The strongest public evidence is an 18-month Iceotope validation using HPE DL380 servers, NVIDIA A40 graphics processors, and a 5.2 kW test load. Valvoline reports stable viscosity, dielectric performance above the Open Compute Project minimum, and no corrosion or material damage in forensic analysis. This is a useful compatibility test for the named setup, not a rack-scale capacity test or blanket approval for other hardware. The public product page does not provide the complete formulation, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, flash point, pour point, moisture limit, particle limit, or service-life criteria. Those unknowns should be resolved with the current product and safety sheets and a project-specific qualification plan. Buyers should require written approval from the server and cooling-equipment suppliers, define fluid sampling and corrective limits, test all wetted and immersed materials, and plan filtration, storage, spill response, fire protection, make-up, recovery, and disposal. Availability is stated to vary by region. → HTF-DE1 is Valvoline Global's dielectric heat-transfer fluid for high-performance-computing immersion applications. The strongest public evidence is an 18-month Iceotope validation using HPE DL380 servers, NVIDIA A40 graphics processors, and a 5.2 kW test load. Valvoline reports stable viscosity, dielectric performance above the Open Compute Project minimum, and no corrosion or material damage in forensic analysis. This is a useful compatibility test for the named setup, not a rack-scale capacity test or blanket approval for other hardware. The public product page does not provide the complete formulation, density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, flash point, pour point, moisture limit, particle limit, or service-life criteria. Those unknowns should be resolved with the current product and safety sheets and a project-specific qualification plan. Buyers should require written approval from the server and cooling-equipment suppliers, define fluid sampling and corrective limits, test all wetted and immersed materials, and plan filtration, storage, spill response, fire protection, make-up, recovery, and disposal. Availability is stated to vary by region. The case-study summary does not disclose sample frequency, fluid temperature history, contamination events, server duty cycle, or the forensic acceptance criteria. A production qualification should therefore reproduce the intended heat load, materials, maintenance exposure, and maximum temperature, then establish baseline and alarm values using named test methods. The contract should state whether Valvoline or Iceotope interprets samples and who decides when continued operation, filtration, partial replacement, or shutdown is required.
    • Field updateddescription: PG25 Advanced is listed in Valvoline Global's high-performance-computing portfolio for direct-to-chip and heat-exchange cooling. It is a different duty from the company's dielectric immersion fluid: it circulates through a closed liquid loop and must be compatible with cold plates, manifolds, pumps, filters, couplings, heat exchangers, seals, and every metal in the circuit. The cited public pages do not state the exact glycol concentration despite the product name, inhibitor chemistry, water specification, freeze protection, density, viscosity, heat capacity, conductivity, pH range, corrosion limits, or approved materials. Those items are therefore explicitly unknown in this draft and must come from the current regional technical data sheet and equipment-vendor approvals. Buyers should compare fluids at the same concentration and operating temperature because glycol content changes heat capacity, viscosity, pressure loss, pump power, and usable cooling capacity. Procurement also needs fill cleanliness, sample methods, alert and action limits, make-up rules, mixed-fluid restrictions, leak response, storage life, condition-monitoring service, and disposal. Valvoline states that regional availability can vary. → PG25 Advanced is listed in Valvoline Global's high-performance-computing portfolio for direct-to-chip and heat-exchange cooling. It is a different duty from the company's dielectric immersion fluid: it circulates through a closed liquid loop and must be compatible with cold plates, manifolds, pumps, filters, couplings, heat exchangers, seals, and every metal in the circuit. The cited public pages do not state the exact glycol concentration despite the product name, inhibitor chemistry, water specification, freeze protection, density, viscosity, heat capacity, conductivity, pH range, corrosion limits, or approved materials. Those items are therefore explicitly unknown in this draft and must come from the current regional technical data sheet and equipment-vendor approvals. Buyers should compare fluids at the same concentration and operating temperature because glycol content changes heat capacity, viscosity, pressure loss, pump power, and usable cooling capacity. Procurement also needs fill cleanliness, sample methods, alert and action limits, make-up rules, mixed-fluid restrictions, leak response, storage life, condition-monitoring service, and disposal. Valvoline states that regional availability can vary. The fluid submittal should include properties across the full operating-temperature range, not one room-temperature value, so pump and heat-exchanger selections can use the intended concentration. Buyers should require a written list of approved metals, elastomers, hoses, couplings, cold plates, and treatment additions; define whether deionized or another fill water is required; and prohibit field dilution or mixing unless the responsible equipment vendors approve the procedure.
    • Field updateddescription: 3D TRASAR Cooling Water Technology is Ecolab's Nalco Water program for managing scale, corrosion, microbiological risk, water use, and equipment performance in cooling-water systems. It combines site-selected chemistry with controllers, sensors, analytics, alarms, and service rather than representing one fixed appliance or chemical. That distinction matters in procurement: the deliverable should state the exact chemistry, instruments, sample points, data and alarm service, field visits, performance limits, and operator responsibilities. Ecolab publishes a data-center case in which a 3D TRASAR-based program increased cooling-tower cycles from 1.8 to 3.3 and reported annual water and energy savings. The operator is unnamed and the result includes acid feed, inhibitor chemistry, PORTA-FEED delivery, and remote service, so it is not an isolated controller benchmark. Buyers should validate the treatment model against source-water variability, metallurgy, temperatures, discharge limits, tower hygiene, and chiller warranties. The public offering page does not provide universal sensor accuracy, calibration frequency, chemical dose, subscription term, cybersecurity architecture, or guaranteed savings. → 3D TRASAR Cooling Water Technology is Ecolab's Nalco Water program for managing scale, corrosion, microbiological risk, water use, and equipment performance in cooling-water systems. It combines site-selected chemistry with controllers, sensors, analytics, alarms, and service rather than representing one fixed appliance or chemical. That distinction matters in procurement: the deliverable should state the exact chemistry, instruments, sample points, data and alarm service, field visits, performance limits, and operator responsibilities. Ecolab publishes a data-center case in which a 3D TRASAR-based program increased cooling-tower cycles from 1.8 to 3.3 and reported annual water and energy savings. The operator is unnamed and the result includes acid feed, inhibitor chemistry, PORTA-FEED delivery, and remote service, so it is not an isolated controller benchmark. Buyers should validate the treatment model against source-water variability, metallurgy, temperatures, discharge limits, tower hygiene, and chiller warranties. The public offering page does not provide universal sensor accuracy, calibration frequency, chemical dose, subscription term, cybersecurity architecture, or guaranteed savings. Acceptance criteria should distinguish controller availability from treatment performance and define allowable corrosion, deposition, microbiological, conductivity, and water-use outcomes with stated test methods. The contract should identify which alarms Ecolab monitors continuously, the response time and escalation path, who may change control limits, how local staff operate during a service outage, and whether raw sensor and laboratory data remain exportable after the service term ends.
    • Field updateddescription: 3D TRASAR for Adiabatic Cooling targets the water sprayed or distributed across adiabatic heat-rejection equipment. Ecolab says the program includes controllers, flow meters, and a maintenance-free conductivity probe, with individual monitoring of adiabatic units, centralized chemical dosing, blowdown control, reporting, digital action logs, and 24/7 alarm management. That scope can help operators see whether media are wetting correctly and whether water quality is drifting before deposits reduce cooling capacity. It does not remove the need for a complete water design. Buyers should define source and make-up water, maximum daily use, concentration limits, treatment chemistry, nozzles and media compatibility, freeze and drain behavior, legionella controls where applicable, sample and calibration procedures, alarms, loss-of-network behavior, local manual operation, data ownership, and who responds at the site. The public page does not publish sensor ranges and accuracy, controller protocols, chemical identities, dosing rates, cybersecurity details, subscription terms, or performance at a named installation. Those unknowns require a project submittal and acceptance test under local water and weather conditions. → 3D TRASAR for Adiabatic Cooling targets the water sprayed or distributed across adiabatic heat-rejection equipment. Ecolab says the program includes controllers, flow meters, and a maintenance-free conductivity probe, with individual monitoring of adiabatic units, centralized chemical dosing, blowdown control, reporting, digital action logs, and 24/7 alarm management. That scope can help operators see whether media are wetting correctly and whether water quality is drifting before deposits reduce cooling capacity. It does not remove the need for a complete water design. Buyers should define source and make-up water, maximum daily use, concentration limits, treatment chemistry, nozzles and media compatibility, freeze and drain behavior, legionella controls where applicable, sample and calibration procedures, alarms, loss-of-network behavior, local manual operation, data ownership, and who responds at the site. The public page does not publish sensor ranges and accuracy, controller protocols, chemical identities, dosing rates, cybersecurity details, subscription terms, or performance at a named installation. Those unknowns require a project submittal and acceptance test under local water and weather conditions. Qualification should include maximum-day operation, low-flow periods, drain and restart, failed conductivity or flow signals, interrupted chemical feed, and loss of remote communication. Procurement should require the adiabatic-equipment manufacturer to approve the chemistry for media, nozzles, basins, coils, and coatings, while Ecolab should state sampling locations, calibration checks, alarm ownership, consumables, and the records needed to demonstrate that water quality remained within warranty limits.
    • Field updateddescription: The Bell & Gossett e-1510X combines the e-1510 base-mounted end-suction pump with Xylem's hydrovar X smart motor, variable-speed drive, and controls. Xylem's data-center brochure places the family in chilled-water service and lists family performance up to 4,000 gallons per minute and 520 feet of head. Those are range limits, not one operating point or a promise for every impeller, speed, fluid, and motor. The selected pump must be evaluated on a certified curve at the project's actual water or glycol concentration and temperature, with the complete system curve, net positive suction head margin, minimum flow, materials, seal plan, and expected turndown. Integrated controls reduce separate panels but create firmware, configuration, network, and spare-part dependencies. Buyers should confirm power and drive redundancy, multi-pump sequence, local fallback, Modbus point list, cyber ownership, harmonic treatment, motor and drive replacement, alignment, vibration, sound, and service access. The cited sources do not provide a data-center-specific selected duty, annual efficiency, failure rate, or installed cost. → The Bell & Gossett e-1510X combines the e-1510 base-mounted end-suction pump with Xylem's hydrovar X smart motor, variable-speed drive, and controls. Xylem's data-center brochure places the family in chilled-water service and lists family performance up to 4,000 gallons per minute and 520 feet of head. Those are range limits, not one operating point or a promise for every impeller, speed, fluid, and motor. The selected pump must be evaluated on a certified curve at the project's actual water or glycol concentration and temperature, with the complete system curve, net positive suction head margin, minimum flow, materials, seal plan, and expected turndown. Integrated controls reduce separate panels but create firmware, configuration, network, and spare-part dependencies. Buyers should confirm power and drive redundancy, multi-pump sequence, local fallback, Modbus point list, cyber ownership, harmonic treatment, motor and drive replacement, alignment, vibration, sound, and service access. The cited sources do not provide a data-center-specific selected duty, annual efficiency, failure rate, or installed cost. The submittal should mark normal, minimum, maximum, and degraded operating points on the selected curve and show motor load and efficiency at each point. Procurement should require the exact construction and seal materials, allowable starts, minimum speed, vibration and sound criteria, replacement-drive compatibility, configuration backups, and a witnessed or certified performance test appropriate to the duty. Redundancy testing must include valves, sensors, controls, and electrical feeds rather than only starting a spare pump.
    • Field updateddescription: The e-SV is a vertical multistage pump family used alone and in packaged booster systems. Xylem's data-center brochure lists delivery up to 725 gallons per minute and head up to 1,200 feet, with options for IE5 motors. The separate TECHNOFORCE e-MTV literature shows two- or three-pump packages using e-SV pumps for clean-water pressure boosting, with variable-frequency-drive control and service isolation. These figures span a family and should not be combined into one duty point. For data-center cooling or make-up service, buyers must select against the actual flow, head, fluid, temperature, gas and solids content, suction conditions, materials, seal, minimum flow, and part-load profile. A high-head multistage pump may be suitable for pressure boosting but inefficient or excessive for a low-head technology loop. Packaged redundancy also depends on common manifolds, controls, power, and valves. Public sources do not state qualification for a particular cold-plate loop, glycol concentration, selected pump efficiency, acoustics, or data-center field reliability. → The e-SV is a vertical multistage pump family used alone and in packaged booster systems. Xylem's data-center brochure lists delivery up to 725 gallons per minute and head up to 1,200 feet, with options for IE5 motors. The separate TECHNOFORCE e-MTV literature shows two- or three-pump packages using e-SV pumps for clean-water pressure boosting, with variable-frequency-drive control and service isolation. These figures span a family and should not be combined into one duty point. For data-center cooling or make-up service, buyers must select against the actual flow, head, fluid, temperature, gas and solids content, suction conditions, materials, seal, minimum flow, and part-load profile. A high-head multistage pump may be suitable for pressure boosting but inefficient or excessive for a low-head technology loop. Packaged redundancy also depends on common manifolds, controls, power, and valves. Public sources do not state qualification for a particular cold-plate loop, glycol concentration, selected pump efficiency, acoustics, or data-center field reliability. Buyers should first state whether the duty is clean-water pressure boosting, make-up water, or closed-loop circulation because each has different control and material requirements. The selected schedule should include stage count, impeller and casing materials, seal, motor, drive, minimum inlet pressure, net positive suction head, minimum flow, and curves corrected for the actual fluid. Packaged systems also need header isolation, pressure-sensor redundancy, local fallback, and tested pump-changeover logic.
    • Field updateddescription: Desigo PXC4.E16 is a compact automation station for HVAC and building-control systems. Siemens documents 12 universal inputs and outputs plus four relay outputs, BACnet/IP and BACnet Secure Connect communication, an embedded web interface, and expansion through TX-I/O modules. The E16 variant also supports project-dependent integration of Modbus and KNX PL-Link devices. Siemens' Novva case identifies Desigo PXC controllers as the control layer for four chillers, two chiller plants, cooling towers, pumps, and fans at a live data center. The case does not identify the exact PXC model, controller quantity, firmware, input/output allocation, or network design, so it supports the product family rather than proving this specific E16 configuration. Buyers should approve the exact stock number, firmware, point count, expansion modules, power supply, environmental limits, BACnet objects, certificates, alarming, schedules, trend storage, local sequence, user roles, backups, cyber hardening, patching, and service tools. Factory and site testing should simulate controller, sensor, network, and power failures rather than relying on protocol compatibility alone. → Desigo PXC4.E16 is a compact automation station for HVAC and building-control systems. Siemens documents 12 universal inputs and outputs plus four relay outputs, BACnet/IP and BACnet Secure Connect communication, an embedded web interface, and expansion through TX-I/O modules. The E16 variant also supports project-dependent integration of Modbus and KNX PL-Link devices. Siemens' Novva case identifies Desigo PXC controllers as the control layer for four chillers, two chiller plants, cooling towers, pumps, and fans at a live data center. The case does not identify the exact PXC model, controller quantity, firmware, input/output allocation, or network design, so it supports the product family rather than proving this specific E16 configuration. Buyers should approve the exact stock number, firmware, point count, expansion modules, power supply, environmental limits, BACnet objects, certificates, alarming, schedules, trend storage, local sequence, user roles, backups, cyber hardening, patching, and service tools. Factory and site testing should simulate controller, sensor, network, and power failures rather than relying on protocol compatibility alone. The design should reserve documented input and output capacity for future phases without making one controller an unnecessarily large failure domain. Procurement should require editable application code, naming standards, source and compiled backups, license and engineering-tool access, supported firmware lifecycle, secure-connect certificate ownership, time synchronization, and a rollback method. Every integrated chiller, pump, tower, and fan should have an approved point map and defined autonomous behavior if the PXC or supervisory network is unavailable.
    • Field updateddescription: White Space Cooling Optimization, or WSCO, is Siemens' data-hall cooling-control platform based on Vigilent technology. A dense sensor network measures temperatures at information-technology equipment air inlets. An artificial-intelligence engine models how cooling units affect those sensors, then adjusts airflow and cooling output to reduce hotspots and overcooling. Siemens says the platform can run on virtual or dedicated on-site hardware and can integrate with building systems. This is supervisory optimization, not a substitute for local equipment safeties or a complete plant sequence. Its value depends on sensor placement, wireless reliability, cooling-unit interfaces, model training, guardrails, and the thermal service-level agreement. Buyers should define sensor count and accuracy, batteries, network ownership, edge or cloud architecture, supported protocols and commands, manual override, fail-safe behavior, change control, alarm ownership, data retention, cyber review, software licensing, support response, and validation after rack moves. Siemens publishes named deployments, but the product flyer does not provide universal savings, a fixed bill of materials, control-loop response time, or performance for liquid-cooled racks with low residual air load. → White Space Cooling Optimization, or WSCO, is Siemens' data-hall cooling-control platform based on Vigilent technology. A dense sensor network measures temperatures at information-technology equipment air inlets. An artificial-intelligence engine models how cooling units affect those sensors, then adjusts airflow and cooling output to reduce hotspots and overcooling. Siemens says the platform can run on virtual or dedicated on-site hardware and can integrate with building systems. This is supervisory optimization, not a substitute for local equipment safeties or a complete plant sequence. Its value depends on sensor placement, wireless reliability, cooling-unit interfaces, model training, guardrails, and the thermal service-level agreement. Buyers should define sensor count and accuracy, batteries, network ownership, edge or cloud architecture, supported protocols and commands, manual override, fail-safe behavior, change control, alarm ownership, data retention, cyber review, software licensing, support response, and validation after rack moves. Siemens publishes named deployments, but the product flyer does not provide universal savings, a fixed bill of materials, control-loop response time, or performance for liquid-cooled racks with low residual air load. A pilot should preserve existing thermal alarms and local unit controls while testing sensor coverage, command limits, recovery after communication loss, and hotspot response under representative load changes. Acceptance should measure inlet-temperature compliance and cooling power against a documented baseline, not only a modeled saving. The contract should also state how the model is retrained after rack moves, containment changes, or direct-to-chip adoption reduces the room-air load.
    • Field updateddescription: Pall's Ultipleat High Flow housing accepts large-format filter elements for duties including cooling water and pre-reverse-osmosis filtration. Pall lists housings up to 1,500 gallons per minute, ASME Section VIII Division 1 design, and published pressure and temperature limits for the cited configuration. These are housing limits, not particle-removal performance; the selected element determines efficiency, micron rating, dirt capacity, and much of the pressure drop. A facility-water designer should size the housing for clean and terminal differential pressure at the actual fluid viscosity and flow, including a fouled-element case. For a technology coolant loop, buyers also need evidence that the element, support, adhesives, seals, and housing materials meet fluid cleanliness and extractables requirements and do not shed particles. The installation must define full-flow or side-stream duty, bypass policy, isolation, venting and draining, differential-pressure instruments, safe element change, spare inventory, and disposal. Pall does not cite a data-center deployment or cold-plate-loop qualification on the public product page, so that application remains unproven in this draft. → Pall's Ultipleat High Flow housing accepts large-format filter elements for duties including cooling water and pre-reverse-osmosis filtration. Pall lists housings up to 1,500 gallons per minute, ASME Section VIII Division 1 design, and published pressure and temperature limits for the cited configuration. These are housing limits, not particle-removal performance; the selected element determines efficiency, micron rating, dirt capacity, and much of the pressure drop. A facility-water designer should size the housing for clean and terminal differential pressure at the actual fluid viscosity and flow, including a fouled-element case. For a technology coolant loop, buyers also need evidence that the element, support, adhesives, seals, and housing materials meet fluid cleanliness and extractables requirements and do not shed particles. The installation must define full-flow or side-stream duty, bypass policy, isolation, venting and draining, differential-pressure instruments, safe element change, spare inventory, and disposal. Pall does not cite a data-center deployment or cold-plate-loop qualification on the public product page, so that application remains unproven in this draft. The selected housing schedule should state element quantity and length, nozzle size and orientation, design and operating pressure, corrosion allowance, closure, vent, drain, lifting access, seal material, and code documentation. Procurement should require pressure-drop calculations for clean and terminal conditions at the actual flow and viscosity, plus a safe isolation and change procedure. If bypass is provided, its automatic or manual behavior and the resulting risk to protected cold plates must be explicitly approved.
    • Field updateddescription: Profile UP is a pleated depth-filter cartridge using Pall's Ultipleat geometry. Pall lists it for resin traps, pre-reverse-osmosis treatment, and cooling water, with grades spanning submicron to tens-of-microns removal and published clean-water pressure-drop data. The choice of grade is consequential: a finer element can protect small passages but increases clean pressure drop and may load quickly during commissioning, while a coarse element may pass particles that block cold plates or damage seals. Buyers should specify removal efficiency, not a micron label alone, and obtain the beta ratio or equivalent test basis, dirt-holding capacity, terminal pressure drop, collapse behavior, materials, seals, extractables, and compatibility with water, glycol, inhibitors, and cleaning chemicals. Flow data should be corrected for actual viscosity and cartridge length. The filter train also needs isolation, differential-pressure alarms, clean-side handling, commissioning-flush strategy, spares, and disposal. Pall's public page does not identify a data-center technology loop, a recommended grade for cold plates, or a field service interval. → Profile UP is a pleated depth-filter cartridge using Pall's Ultipleat geometry. Pall lists it for resin traps, pre-reverse-osmosis treatment, and cooling water, with grades spanning submicron to tens-of-microns removal and published clean-water pressure-drop data. The choice of grade is consequential: a finer element can protect small passages but increases clean pressure drop and may load quickly during commissioning, while a coarse element may pass particles that block cold plates or damage seals. Buyers should specify removal efficiency, not a micron label alone, and obtain the beta ratio or equivalent test basis, dirt-holding capacity, terminal pressure drop, collapse behavior, materials, seals, extractables, and compatibility with water, glycol, inhibitors, and cleaning chemicals. Flow data should be corrected for actual viscosity and cartridge length. The filter train also needs isolation, differential-pressure alarms, clean-side handling, commissioning-flush strategy, spares, and disposal. Pall's public page does not identify a data-center technology loop, a recommended grade for cold plates, or a field service interval. Qualification should match the cartridge grade to the equipment vendor's particle limit and verify the published efficiency test basis rather than treating the grade name as an absolute cutoff. Buyers should request initial cleanliness results, expected construction-debris loading, element area and dirt capacity, differential-pressure alarm and replacement limits, collapse margin, lot traceability, and compatible seals. A commissioning element may need a different grade and replacement schedule from the permanent operating element.
    • Field updateddescription: S.sensing MX combines multiple water-quality sensors and analyzers with a central cooling-tower controller. Kurita lists modules for pH, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, active treatment-product concentration, and free or total chlorine, along with alarms, fail-safe behavior, communication, and future expansion. A modular platform can reduce duplicated panels, but the project value depends on the exact analyzers, sample conditioning, calibration, and control sequence. Buyers should specify measurement range, accuracy, repeatability, response time, calibration standards, reagent and consumable needs, sample flow, fouling protection, maintenance access, signal and protocol list, local display, alarm priorities, dosing interlocks, loss-of-sample and loss-of-network behavior, data retention, cybersecurity, and manual fallback. Control based on measured active ingredient may be more informative than pump runtime, but it still requires a representative sample and validated analytical method. The public page does not identify a data-center deployment, enclosure rating, protocol list, cyber certification, calibration interval, or installed price. Suitability for a given cooling tower therefore requires a complete submittal and water-treatment program. → S.sensing MX combines multiple water-quality sensors and analyzers with a central cooling-tower controller. Kurita lists modules for pH, conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, active treatment-product concentration, and free or total chlorine, along with alarms, fail-safe behavior, communication, and future expansion. A modular platform can reduce duplicated panels, but the project value depends on the exact analyzers, sample conditioning, calibration, and control sequence. Buyers should specify measurement range, accuracy, repeatability, response time, calibration standards, reagent and consumable needs, sample flow, fouling protection, maintenance access, signal and protocol list, local display, alarm priorities, dosing interlocks, loss-of-sample and loss-of-network behavior, data retention, cybersecurity, and manual fallback. Control based on measured active ingredient may be more informative than pump runtime, but it still requires a representative sample and validated analytical method. The public page does not identify a data-center deployment, enclosure rating, protocol list, cyber certification, calibration interval, or installed price. Suitability for a given cooling tower therefore requires a complete submittal and water-treatment program. Procurement should list the exact modules and measurement methods because the platform name alone does not establish what is being sensed. Factory and site tests should cover stale or implausible readings, lost sample flow, exhausted reagents, failed communications, dosing-pump proof, alarm delivery, and safe manual operation. Buyers should also require calibration records, spare sensors and reagents, local service response, raw-data export, and a defined owner for changing limits after source-water conditions change.
    • Field updateddescription: Korrodex is Kurita's treatment range for closed systems rather than a single chemical formulation. Kurita describes products for corrosion inhibition across carbon steel, stainless steel, yellow metals, and aluminum; dispersant-based hardness stabilization across different water qualities; and antifreeze treatment for low-temperature circuits. This range may be relevant to facility chilled water and some direct-to-chip secondary loops, but only if every connected equipment supplier approves the selected chemistry and concentration. A buyer should not specify the family name alone. The submittal needs the exact product, composition and dose, fill-water quality, pH and conductivity range, metal and polymer compatibility, glycol or antifreeze concentration, corrosion and hardness limits, sample methods, treatment frequency, alert and action levels, make-up restrictions, cleaning and passivation procedure, spill and disposal requirements, and warranty responsibilities. Closed loops are not maintenance-free: oxygen ingress, mixed metals, leaks, contamination, and wrong make-up water can still drive corrosion and deposits. Public sources do not provide a data-center reference, universal dose, thermophysical properties, or compatibility with a named cold plate. → Korrodex is Kurita's treatment range for closed systems rather than a single chemical formulation. Kurita describes products for corrosion inhibition across carbon steel, stainless steel, yellow metals, and aluminum; dispersant-based hardness stabilization across different water qualities; and antifreeze treatment for low-temperature circuits. This range may be relevant to facility chilled water and some direct-to-chip secondary loops, but only if every connected equipment supplier approves the selected chemistry and concentration. A buyer should not specify the family name alone. The submittal needs the exact product, composition and dose, fill-water quality, pH and conductivity range, metal and polymer compatibility, glycol or antifreeze concentration, corrosion and hardness limits, sample methods, treatment frequency, alert and action levels, make-up restrictions, cleaning and passivation procedure, spill and disposal requirements, and warranty responsibilities. Closed loops are not maintenance-free: oxygen ingress, mixed metals, leaks, contamination, and wrong make-up water can still drive corrosion and deposits. Public sources do not provide a data-center reference, universal dose, thermophysical properties, or compatibility with a named cold plate. The project water specification should reconcile Kurita's limits with every heat exchanger, pump, valve, coupling, hose, manifold, and cold-plate requirement before chemical purchase. Commissioning should document cleaning, flushing, passivation, fill source, concentration, dissolved gases, and baseline corrosion indicators. The operating plan needs sealed sampling, approved make-up fluid, leak investigation, trend limits, and named actions for additive depletion or contamination rather than routine dosing without diagnosis.
    • Field updateddescription: E.C.O.Film is Veolia's Engineered Carboxylate Oxide treatment for open recirculating cooling-water systems. Veolia states that the chemistry is designed to control deposition and corrosion without phosphorus or United States Environmental Protection Agency priority-pollutant materials. The program can be combined with saturation modeling, deposition monitoring, corrosion monitoring, and TrueSense controls. This is a treatment program, not a drop-in guarantee of higher cycles of concentration. Source-water chemistry, tower materials, heat-exchanger surface temperature, biological control, discharge limits, and operator response determine the result. Buyers should require Veolia's site model, exact chemistry and dose, compatibility with galvanized steel, copper alloys, aluminum, elastomers, and other wetted materials, corrosion and deposition acceptance limits, microbiological program, sample methods, online instruments, alarm response, chemical storage and containment, discharge review, and contingency for out-of-limit water. The public page does not disclose the formulation, universal dose, sensor package, data-center case for E.C.O.Film specifically, or guaranteed water savings. → E.C.O.Film is Veolia's Engineered Carboxylate Oxide treatment for open recirculating cooling-water systems. Veolia states that the chemistry is designed to control deposition and corrosion without phosphorus or United States Environmental Protection Agency priority-pollutant materials. The program can be combined with saturation modeling, deposition monitoring, corrosion monitoring, and TrueSense controls. This is a treatment program, not a drop-in guarantee of higher cycles of concentration. Source-water chemistry, tower materials, heat-exchanger surface temperature, biological control, discharge limits, and operator response determine the result. Buyers should require Veolia's site model, exact chemistry and dose, compatibility with galvanized steel, copper alloys, aluminum, elastomers, and other wetted materials, corrosion and deposition acceptance limits, microbiological program, sample methods, online instruments, alarm response, chemical storage and containment, discharge review, and contingency for out-of-limit water. The public page does not disclose the formulation, universal dose, sensor package, data-center case for E.C.O.Film specifically, or guaranteed water savings. A proposal should show the modeled scaling and corrosion envelope across expected source-water variation, cycles, pH, temperature, and heat flux, then state assumptions that would invalidate it. Procurement should define the companion biocide program, monitoring equipment, laboratory verification, chemical-feed proof, operator rounds, discharge obligations, and response to an excursion. Any water or acid savings should be measured against an agreed baseline and normalized for cooling load and weather before acceptance.
    • Field updateddescription: TrueSense Ready-Set-Go, or RSG, is Veolia's cooling-water controller for pH, oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, and supported real-time chemical measurements. Veolia's Illinois data-center case says an RSG controller monitored pH and controlled sulfuric-acid feed, with remote monitoring and alarms, as part of a treatment change that doubled cooling-tower cycles and reduced water demand. The source does not disclose the site, controller model configuration, sensors, setpoints, raw trends, or whether the savings were independently audited. Acid feed is safety-critical and requires secondary containment, compatible pumps and tubing, interlocks, ventilation, personal protective equipment, and procedures for sensor or pump failure. Buyers should approve measurement ranges and accuracy, calibration and replacement intervals, sample conditioning, outputs, communication protocols, local sequence, fail positions, alarm routing, network-loss behavior, data retention, access control, remote support, chemical-feed proof, and manual operation. The public product material does not provide a complete hardware specification, cybersecurity certification, or universal savings guarantee. → TrueSense Ready-Set-Go, or RSG, is Veolia's cooling-water controller for pH, oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, and supported real-time chemical measurements. Veolia's Illinois data-center case says an RSG controller monitored pH and controlled sulfuric-acid feed, with remote monitoring and alarms, as part of a treatment change that doubled cooling-tower cycles and reduced water demand. The source does not disclose the site, controller model configuration, sensors, setpoints, raw trends, or whether the savings were independently audited. Acid feed is safety-critical and requires secondary containment, compatible pumps and tubing, interlocks, ventilation, personal protective equipment, and procedures for sensor or pump failure. Buyers should approve measurement ranges and accuracy, calibration and replacement intervals, sample conditioning, outputs, communication protocols, local sequence, fail positions, alarm routing, network-loss behavior, data retention, access control, remote support, chemical-feed proof, and manual operation. The public product material does not provide a complete hardware specification, cybersecurity certification, or universal savings guarantee. The controller submittal should distinguish measured values from calculated or manually entered data and identify which outputs can directly start chemical feed or blowdown. Acceptance testing should simulate fouled and failed probes, lost sample flow, stuck dosing equipment, empty chemical storage, network loss, alarm delay, and power restoration. Procurement should include calibration standards, spare probes, configuration backups, user-role control, raw trend export, local fallback, and the service response attached to remote alarm monitoring.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: pilot. Castrol announced on 20 July 2023 that immersion systems were installed and fully functional at its Pangbourne headquarters. The research setup combines Castrol fluids, Hypertec immersion-cooled server expertise, and Submer SmartPod and MicroPod tanks. The partners intended to test fluids, servers, and integrated cooling behavior. This is a real, named physical deployment at Castrol's site, but it is a supplier development laboratory rather than a production data center. The announcement does not disclose IT load, tank count, server models, fluid formulation used in each test, water temperatures, heat-rejection equipment, test protocol, measured efficiency, uptime, or customer acceptance results. It therefore supports interoperability research, not a capacity or savings claim. A buyer evaluating the reference should ask for the exact bill of materials, test duration and duty cycle, material inspections, fluid analyses, failure tests, and changes made after the program. Evidence that would strengthen the record includes published long-duration data, an operator acceptance report, or a commercial site using the qualified combination. → Status: pilot. Castrol announced on 20 July 2023 that immersion systems were installed and fully functional at its Pangbourne headquarters. The research setup combines Castrol fluids, Hypertec immersion-cooled server expertise, and Submer SmartPod and MicroPod tanks. The partners intended to test fluids, servers, and integrated cooling behavior. This is a real, named physical deployment at Castrol's site, but it is a supplier development laboratory rather than a production data center. The announcement does not disclose IT load, tank count, server models, fluid formulation used in each test, water temperatures, heat-rejection equipment, test protocol, measured efficiency, uptime, or customer acceptance results. It therefore supports interoperability research, not a capacity or savings claim. A buyer evaluating the reference should ask for the exact bill of materials, test duration and duty cycle, material inspections, fluid analyses, failure tests, and changes made after the program. Evidence that would strengthen the record includes published long-duration data, an operator acceptance report, or a commercial site using the qualified combination. The announcement also does not say which Castrol fluid was in each tank, whether tests used production batches, or whether Submer's later DC 20 approval came from this installation. Those links should not be inferred. Due diligence should request baseline and end-of-test fluid properties, server and component inventory, immersed-material exposure time, thermal load profile, pump and heat-exchanger data, maintenance interventions, spills or contamination events, and forensic inspection results. A commercial buyer should separately verify fire strategy, occupational procedures, fluid inventory, lifting and draining, spare capacity, and server-warranty ownership. Because the public source gives no later operating update, continued use and the present configuration are unknown; a current site reference or dated test report is needed before treating Pangbourne as an active qualification facility.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: pilot. Valvoline's December 2025 case study documents an 18-month in-application test of HTF-DE1 fluid in an Iceotope MicroDC system with HPE DL380 servers and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. The reported load was 5.2 kW. Valvoline says viscosity remained stable, dielectric performance stayed above the Open Compute Project minimum, and forensic inspection found no corrosion or material damage. The named hardware, duration, and post-test inspection make this stronger than a generic compatibility assertion. Important limits remain: the test location is not disclosed, 5.2 kW is not representative of a full high-density rack, raw measurements and uncertainty are not published, and the report comes from the fluid supplier. It does not establish compatibility with other server generations, plastics, cables, storage devices, or operating temperatures. Buyers should request the full protocol, starting and ending fluid analyses, sample history, hardware inspection criteria, excursions, maintenance events, and written Iceotope approval for the exact production system. Independent replication or a named commercial operator would further strengthen the evidence. → Status: pilot. Valvoline's December 2025 case study documents an 18-month in-application test of HTF-DE1 fluid in an Iceotope MicroDC system with HPE DL380 servers and NVIDIA A40 graphics processors. The reported load was 5.2 kW. Valvoline says viscosity remained stable, dielectric performance stayed above the Open Compute Project minimum, and forensic inspection found no corrosion or material damage. The named hardware, duration, and post-test inspection make this stronger than a generic compatibility assertion. Important limits remain: the test location is not disclosed, 5.2 kW is not representative of a full high-density rack, raw measurements and uncertainty are not published, and the report comes from the fluid supplier. It does not establish compatibility with other server generations, plastics, cables, storage devices, or operating temperatures. Buyers should request the full protocol, starting and ending fluid analyses, sample history, hardware inspection criteria, excursions, maintenance events, and written Iceotope approval for the exact production system. Independent replication or a named commercial operator would further strengthen the evidence. The source does not state whether the 5.2 kW value is average, maximum, or nameplate load, how continuously the hardware ran, what inlet and outlet temperatures applied, or whether fluid was filtered or topped up. It also does not publish individual dielectric and viscosity readings, laboratory methods, uncertainty, or photographs and measurements from the forensic examination. Procurement teams should ask whether the exact HPE and NVIDIA configurations retained their warranties and whether Iceotope's approval applies to all MicroDC revisions. A production pilot should reproduce the intended materials and temperature range, include representative service events, preserve sealed baseline samples, define pass and fail limits before testing, and assign authority for continued operation after any out-of-limit sample.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Xylem's case study says more than 55 Bell & Gossett products, including e-1510, Series 90, Series 80, and Series 60 pumps, were selected for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Energy Systems Integration Facility in Golden, Colorado. The data center uses component-level warm-water cooling for supercomputing, transfers heat through an energy-recovery loop, and reuses available heat in laboratories and offices. NREL confirms that the water-based system was installed in 2012 and describes the operating hierarchy for heat reuse, dry rejection, and cooling towers. This record establishes named equipment families and an operating facility, but it does not disclose which pump serves each loop, current pump quantities by model, selected flow and head, annual pump energy, maintenance history, or attribution of whole-site efficiency to Xylem equipment. The computing platform has also changed over time. Buyers should use the reference to examine controls, low-load operation, redundancy, water chemistry, heat-reuse availability, and maintenance, not to copy a pump schedule. Current drawings, trend data, and service records would be needed for a like-for-like benchmark. → Status: operating. Xylem's case study says more than 55 Bell & Gossett products, including e-1510, Series 90, Series 80, and Series 60 pumps, were selected for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Energy Systems Integration Facility in Golden, Colorado. The data center uses component-level warm-water cooling for supercomputing, transfers heat through an energy-recovery loop, and reuses available heat in laboratories and offices. NREL confirms that the water-based system was installed in 2012 and describes the operating hierarchy for heat reuse, dry rejection, and cooling towers. This record establishes named equipment families and an operating facility, but it does not disclose which pump serves each loop, current pump quantities by model, selected flow and head, annual pump energy, maintenance history, or attribution of whole-site efficiency to Xylem equipment. The computing platform has also changed over time. Buyers should use the reference to examine controls, low-load operation, redundancy, water chemistry, heat-reuse availability, and maintenance, not to copy a pump schedule. Current drawings, trend data, and service records would be needed for a like-for-like benchmark. The sources identify 2012 as the installation year but do not provide the exact day; the structured 2012-01-01 date is therefore a normalization placeholder, not a claimed commissioning date. NREL's current cooling description also reflects later heat-rejection additions and should not be assumed to match the original configuration. Reference checks should separate the technology loop, energy-recovery loop, process-hot-water interface, thermosyphon, and tower loop, then identify the Xylem equipment and controls in each. Useful evidence would include selected pump curves, annual operating points, standby testing, seal and bearing history, water-treatment records, measured pump energy, periods when reusable heat had no customer, and the present supercomputer's actual supply and return temperatures.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating. Siemens and Novva Data Centers report that Desigo PXC controllers replaced the prior cooling-control system at Novva's Colorado Springs facility. Holbrook Service arranged the controllers in a flat architecture across four chillers, two chiller plants, cooling towers, pumps, and fans so remaining equipment could respond if one chiller faulted. Siemens says the retrofit supported Novva's transition away from water cooling, eliminated prior weekly service needs, delivered no controller-related central-plant downtime for a year and a half, and saved more than two million kilowatt-hours and $176,000 annually. This is a named operator, site, equipment family, and completed project. The limits are important: Siemens is the source, no independent audit or raw trends are published, and the savings include controller replacement, rewiring, reprogrammed sequences, and a broader cooling-strategy change. The source does not disclose IT capacity, controller count, exact PXC models, baseline dates, weather or load normalization, capital cost, or final water use. Buyers should request Novva's acceptance tests, failure matrix, trend data, network design, maintenance record, and savings method before using the figures in a business case. → Status: operating. Siemens and Novva Data Centers report that Desigo PXC controllers replaced the prior cooling-control system at Novva's Colorado Springs facility. Holbrook Service arranged the controllers in a flat architecture across four chillers, two chiller plants, cooling towers, pumps, and fans so remaining equipment could respond if one chiller faulted. Siemens says the retrofit supported Novva's transition away from water cooling, eliminated prior weekly service needs, delivered no controller-related central-plant downtime for a year and a half, and saved more than two million kilowatt-hours and $176,000 annually. This is a named operator, site, equipment family, and completed project. The limits are important: Siemens is the source, no independent audit or raw trends are published, and the savings include controller replacement, rewiring, reprogrammed sequences, and a broader cooling-strategy change. The source does not disclose IT capacity, controller count, exact PXC models, baseline dates, weather or load normalization, capital cost, or final water use. Buyers should request Novva's acceptance tests, failure matrix, trend data, network design, maintenance record, and savings method before using the figures in a business case. Siemens' reference page lists project completion in 2023, while the public savings announcement is dated 22 July 2024; the announcedAt field uses the documented announcement date rather than implying that commissioning occurred then. The phrase water-free cooling should also be checked against the source's simultaneous description of chillers and cooling towers, because the public materials do not provide a final water balance or equipment schematic. Reference diligence should ask how the live cutover was staged, which functions remained locally autonomous, what faults were injected, how controller and network redundancy were tested, and whether the reported zero downtime excludes upstream power, mechanical, or sensor events. Raw interval data and a normalized baseline are needed to validate the energy and cost claims.
    • Field updateddescription: Status: operating, based on a supplier case summarized by Veolia on 23 July 2025. Veolia says an Illinois data center had low cooling-tower cycles of concentration and high blowdown under its prior alkaline treatment program. Veolia installed a TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller to monitor pH and feed sulfuric acid, together with remote monitoring and alarms. The company reports that tower cycles doubled, cooling-water demand fell by 50%, and annual savings reached 12 million gallons and $150,000. The operator, city, facility capacity, number and type of towers, baseline period, final cycles, source-water chemistry, acid dose, measurement method, and independent verification are not disclosed. Those omissions prevent normalization by IT load, weather, or water quality and make this a supplier-reported reference rather than an audited benchmark. Acid-feed systems also create safety and corrosion risks if controls fail. Buyers should request the water model, materials review, setpoints, interlocks, containment, alarm response, trend data, calculation method, and operator reference before using the savings in a business case. → Status: operating, based on a supplier case summarized by Veolia on 23 July 2025. Veolia says an Illinois data center had low cooling-tower cycles of concentration and high blowdown under its prior alkaline treatment program. Veolia installed a TrueSense Ready-Set-Go controller to monitor pH and feed sulfuric acid, together with remote monitoring and alarms. The company reports that tower cycles doubled, cooling-water demand fell by 50%, and annual savings reached 12 million gallons and $150,000. The operator, city, facility capacity, number and type of towers, baseline period, final cycles, source-water chemistry, acid dose, measurement method, and independent verification are not disclosed. Those omissions prevent normalization by IT load, weather, or water quality and make this a supplier-reported reference rather than an audited benchmark. Acid-feed systems also create safety and corrosion risks if controls fail. Buyers should request the water model, materials review, setpoints, interlocks, containment, alarm response, trend data, calculation method, and operator reference before using the savings in a business case. The source publication date is not identified as the installation or commissioning date, so the deployment schedule and length of demonstrated operation remain unknown. “Doubled” tower cycles is also incomplete without the starting and ending values, seasonal source-water range, blowdown meter data, cooling load, and weather. Reference diligence should verify acid-storage and transfer safeguards, secondary containment, compatible materials, probe calibration, dosing proof, high- and low-pH interlocks, response after a failed sensor or stuck pump, and the remote alarm escalation record. An operator contact, water and sewer invoices, laboratory results, corrosion and deposition trends, and a calculation normalized by heat rejection would materially strengthen both the operating label and the savings claims.
  3. Recorded

    Research expansion published: 90 records

    Product
    • Record addedAdded Smardt Chiller Group
    • Record addedAdded Baltimore Aircoil Company
    • Record addedAdded EVAPCO
    • Record addedAdded Güntner
    • Record addedAdded Vahterus
    • Record addedAdded SWEP
    • Record addedAdded MITA Group
    • Record addedAdded Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems
    • Record addedAdded Mitsubishi Electric Hydronics & IT Cooling Systems
    • Record addedAdded Smardt Core Series water-cooled chiller
    • Record addedAdded Smardt Ultra Series water-cooled chiller
    • Record addedAdded BAC TrilliumSeries Dry Cooler
    • Record addedAdded BAC HXV Hybrid Cooler
    • Record addedAdded EVAPCO eco-Air APEX Dry Cooler
    • Record addedAdded EVAPCO eco-Air Double Stack Dry Cooler
    • Record addedAdded Güntner V-shape VARIO Dry Cooler
    • Record addedAdded Güntner Flat VARIO Dry Cooler
    • Record addedAdded Vahterus PSHE 7
    • Record addedAdded Vahterus PSHE 9
    • Record addedAdded SWEP B439
    • Record addedAdded SWEP B649
    • Record addedAdded TORRAVAL CTFP Forced-Draft Cooling Tower
    • Record addedAdded MITA MCC Closed-Circuit Cooling Tower
    • Record addedAdded MHI Thermal Systems ETI-Z
    • Record addedAdded MHI Thermal Systems GART-ZE/ZEI
    • Record addedAdded MEHITS TR2-FC-G04-Z
    • Record addedAdded MEHITS i-FX-G01-DC-Z
    • Record addedAdded Smardt New York-region data-center chiller replacement
    • Record addedAdded BAC 160 MW HPC HXV cooling project
    • Record addedAdded Güntner Zhangjiakou immersion-cooling heat rejection
    • Record addedAdded Infosys Hyderabad data-center heat exchangers
    • Record addedAdded MITA Barcelona data-processing center cooling towers
    • Record addedAdded CPC
    • Record addedAdded Stäubli
    • Record addedAdded Parker Hannifin
    • Record addedAdded USystems
    • Record addedAdded Grundfos
    • Record addedAdded Armstrong Fluid Technology
    • Record addedAdded Belimo
    • Record addedAdded Wieland
    • Record addedAdded CPC Everis UQD02
    • Record addedAdded CPC Everis UQD08 and UQDB08
    • Record addedAdded Stäubli UQD and UQDB
    • Record addedAdded Stäubli CGD
    • Record addedAdded Parker HPAHM Distribution Manifold
    • Record addedAdded Parker HPAHMC Compact Distribution Manifold
    • Record addedAdded USystems ColdLogik CL20
    • Record addedAdded USystems ColdLogik CL23
    • Record addedAdded Grundfos KPVS
    • Record addedAdded Grundfos NBG 150-125-315/336
    • Record addedAdded Armstrong 4300 Vertical In-Line
    • Record addedAdded Armstrong 4380 Vertical In-Line
    • Record addedAdded Belimo EV200H Energy Valve
    • Record addedAdded Belimo EP200H EPIV
    • Record addedAdded Wieland CP-E-4009-S3XJ
    • Record addedAdded Wieland CP-E-4013-S3XJ
    • Record addedAdded Fugaku Stäubli CGD cooling connections
    • Record addedAdded DataBank ATL1 ColdLogik rear-door cooling
    • Record addedAdded West Cambridge Data Centre ColdLogik cooling
    • Record addedAdded NorthC Eindhoven MIXIT chip-cooling loop
    • Record addedAdded Digital Realty HKG10 Armstrong chilled-water plant rooms
    • Record addedAdded Castrol
    • Record addedAdded Valvoline Global Operations
    • Record addedAdded Ecolab
    • Record addedAdded Xylem
    • Record addedAdded Siemens
    • Record addedAdded Pall Corporation
    • Record addedAdded Kurita Water Industries
    • Record addedAdded Veolia Water Technologies
    • Record addedAdded Castrol ON Immersion Cooling Fluid DC 15
    • Record addedAdded Castrol ON Immersion Cooling Fluid DC 20
    • Record addedAdded Beyond by Valvoline HPC Immersion Heat Transfer Fluid DE1
    • Record addedAdded Beyond by Valvoline HPC Heat Transfer Fluid PG25 Advanced
    • Record addedAdded Ecolab 3D TRASAR Cooling Water Technology
    • Record addedAdded Ecolab 3D TRASAR Technology for Adiabatic Cooling
    • Record addedAdded Xylem Bell & Gossett Series e-1510X
    • Record addedAdded Xylem Goulds Water Technology e-SV
    • Record addedAdded Siemens Desigo PXC4.E16
    • Record addedAdded Siemens White Space Cooling Optimization
    • Record addedAdded Pall Ultipleat High Flow Filter Housing
    • Record addedAdded Pall Profile UP Filter
    • Record addedAdded Kurita S.sensing MX
    • Record addedAdded Kurita Korrodex
    • Record addedAdded Veolia E.C.O.Film
    • Record addedAdded Veolia TrueSense Ready-Set-Go
    • Record addedAdded Castrol–Hypertec Pangbourne immersion lab
    • Record addedAdded Valvoline–Iceotope 18-month fluid validation
    • Record addedAdded NREL ESIF warm-water cooling loop
    • Record addedAdded Novva Colorado Springs cooling-controls retrofit
    • Record addedAdded Illinois data-center cooling-water treatment retrofit

Direct answers

Frequently asked questions

Direct answers drawn from the record, its comparison fields, and the evidence linked below.

What is the Grundfos KPVS?

KPVS is a plant-side pump rather than a rack coolant pump. Its double-suction and double-volute construction is intended to reduce axial and radial loads, while the split coupling allows motor and seal service without disturbing the pipework. Grundfos reports that selected KPVS units at an unnamed hyperscale operator were 5% more efficient in chilled-water and 4% more efficient in condenser-water duty than specified alternatives. Those are project results, not a universal efficiency margin. The submittal needs the selected curve, motor and net positive suction head. It also needs minimum flow, seal plan, vibration limit and the operating sequence across all parallel pumps. The cited customer and duty points are undisclosed, so the reported percentages cannot be normalized for flow, head, impeller selection or control strategy. A bid evaluation should compare certified curves at identical duties and include motor and variable-speed-drive losses. It should also test parallel stability at phased loads, define minimum run time and standby rotation, and show how one pump is isolated and serviced while required cooling remains available. Request seal and bearing life assumptions, vibration baselines and spare rotating assemblies. Regional response times and witnessed performance-test tolerances also belong in the bid.

Who makes the Grundfos KPVS?

Grundfos makes it. We file it under cooling pumps, and its status is available.

What are the key specifications for the Grundfos KPVS?

Services: Chilled water and condenser water; Pump type: Vertical split-case, split coupled; Hydraulic design: Double suction and double volute. These figures come from the supplier. Before comparing two products, restate both at your own water temperatures, flow, pressure, and redundancy, because a rating measured under favorable conditions will not hold on site.